Melatonin and Its Effects on Plant Systems

Sharif, Rahat; Xie, Chen; Zhang, Haiqiang; Arnao, Marino B.; Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Qasid; Muhammad, Izhar; Shalmani, Abdullah; Nawaz, Muhammad Azher; Chen, Peng; Li, Yuhong

doi:10.3390/molecules23092352

Cited by 182 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…In marked contrast to the snat2 rice, neither decreased melatonin nor the small‐leaf phenotype have been observed in Arabidopsis snat2 knockout mutant, albeit SNAT enzyme activity is comparable to Arabidopsis SNAT1 in vitro (data not shown), indicating an obviously different functional role of the SNAT2 isogene among plant species. Our findings greatly improve our understanding of the function of plant melatonin, which will be used as a valuable phenotypic marker for future studies to dissect the role of melatonin in many melatonin‐deficient or ‐signaling pathway mutants in plants, especially rice …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Melatonin‐deficient rice plants show a common semidwarf phenotype either dependent or independent of brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Lee

Back

2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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Melatonin‐deficient rice with a semidwarf erect‐leaf phenotype was created by suppressing serotonin N‐acetyltransferase 2 (SNAT2). We generated an RNAi transgenic rice that suppressed tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), which encodes the first TDC enzyme committed step for melatonin biosynthesis in plants catalyzing the conversion of tryptophan into tryptamine, to determine whether other transgenic rice with downregulated melatonin biosynthetic genes exhibited the same erect‐leaf phenotype as the snat2 RNAi rice. The TDC RNAi rice produced significantly less melatonin than the wild type and exhibited a semidwarf phenotype, but no erect‐leaf phenotype was observed. In contrast, tryptamine 5‐hydroxylase (T5H) knockout Sekiguchi rice and caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase (COMT) RNAi rice seedlings were semidwarf phenotypes with erect leaves, as was the snat2 RNAi rice due to a melatonin deficiency. All RNAi rice plants showing erect‐leaf phenotypes had lower expression levels of the DWARF4 gene, which is a key enzyme for brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, leading to lower BR levels than their respective wild types. Suppressing melatonin synthesis did not alter the contents of indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA), suggesting the irrelevance of melatonin deficiency to IAA biosynthesis. These data indicate that a semidwarf seedling is a common rice phenotype by the lack of melatonin synthesis with or without BR suppression in a melatonin biosynthetic gene‐specific manner.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Our findings greatly improve our understanding of the function of plant melatonin, which will be used as a valuable phenotypic marker for future studies to dissect the role of melatonin in many melatonin-deficient or -signaling pathway mutants in plants, especially rice. 43,44…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin‐deficient rice plants show a common semidwarf phenotype either dependent or independent of brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Lee

Back

2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…Similarly, the single-walled carbon nanotubes increase the photosynthetic activity and the threshold of electron transport due to their protective effects on lipid membranes in chloroplast [36]. In addition, Sharif et al [37] documented that the accumulation of endogenous melatonin can repair mitochondria damaged by drought stress and enhances nitric oxide concentration and antioxidant enzymes activities, hence, improving plant drought tolerance. Thus, the nano-ZnO application might cause the alteration of membrane potential and fluidity of the endomembrane system and stimulate the antioxidant defense system to protect the structural and functional integrity of the membrane system, which contributes to drought tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-ZnO-Induced Drought Tolerance Is Associated with Melatonin Synthesis and Metabolism in Maize

Sun

Song

Guo

et al. 2020

IJMS

115

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The applications of ZnO nanoparticles in agriculture have largely contributed to crop growth regulation, quality enhancement, and induction of stress tolerance, while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, the involvement of melatonin synthesis and metabolism in the process of nano-ZnO induced drought tolerance was investigated in maize. Drought stress resulted in the changes of subcellular ultrastructure, the accumulation of malondialdehyde and osmolytes in leaf. The nano-ZnO (100 mg L−1) application promoted the melatonin synthesis and activated the antioxidant enzyme system, which alleviated drought-induced damage to mitochondria and chloroplast. These changes were associated with upregulation of the relative transcript abundance of Fe/Mn SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, APX, CAT, TDC, SNAT, COMT, and ASMT induced by nano-ZnO application. It was suggested that modifications in endogenous melatonin synthesis were involved in the nano-ZnO induced drought tolerance in maize.

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“…Furthermore, processes such as foliar senescence, growth and development, germination, rooting induction, flowering, parthenocarpy, fruit set, and fruit ripening were studied. Others aspects, such as photosynthesis and its regulation, primary and secondary metabolism, including osmoregulation, and the regulation of plant hormones (auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates, salicylic acid, polyamines, brassinosteroids, strigolactones) have been also analyzed [41,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Section: How Can Melatonin Contribute In a More Efficient Phytoremedimentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Melatonin to Enhance Phytoremediation Capacity

Arnao

Hernández‐Ruíz

2019

Applied Sciences

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Phytoremediation is a green technology that aims to take up pollutants from soil or water. Metals are one of the targets of these techniques due to their high toxicity in biological systems, including plants and animals. Their elimination or, at least, decrease will help keep them from being incorporated in the trophic chain and thus reaching animal and human food. The metal removal efficiency of plants is closely related to their growth rate, tolerance, and their adaptability to different environments. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. In plants, it plays an important role related to antioxidant activity, but also as an important redox network regulator. Thus, melatonin has been defined as a biostimulator of plant growth, especially under environmental stress conditions, whether abiotic (water deficit and waterlogging, extreme temperature, UV radiation, salinity, alkalinity, specific mineral deficit/excess, metals and other toxic compounds, etc.) or biotic (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). Exogenous melatonin treated plants have been seen to have a high tolerance to stressors, minimizing possible harmful effects through the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activating antioxidative responses. Furthermore, important gene expression changes in stress specific transcription factors have been demonstrated. Melatonin is capable of mobilizing toxic metals, through phytochelatins, transporting this, while sequestration adds to the biostimulator effect of melatonin on plants, improving plant tolerance against toxic pollutants. Furthermore, melatonin improves the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) in stress situations, enhancing cell metabolism. In light of the above, the application of melatonin seems to be a useful option for clearing toxic pollutants from the environment by improving phytoremediation. Interestingly, a variety of stressors induce melatonin biosynthesis in plants, and the study of this endogenous response in hyperaccumulator plants may be even more interesting as a natural response of the phytoremediation of diverse plants.

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Melatonin and Its Effects on Plant Systems

Cited by 182 publications

References 164 publications

Melatonin‐deficient rice plants show a common semidwarf phenotype either dependent or independent of brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Melatonin‐deficient rice plants show a common semidwarf phenotype either dependent or independent of brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Nano-ZnO-Induced Drought Tolerance Is Associated with Melatonin Synthesis and Metabolism in Maize

Role of Melatonin to Enhance Phytoremediation Capacity

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