Melanoma prevention: Behavioral and nonbehavioral factors in sunburn among an Australian urban population

Hill, David; White, Victoria; Marks, Robin; Theobald, Theresa; Borland, Ron; Roy, Colin

doi:10.1016/0091-7435(92)90072-p

Cited by 158 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7 Sunburn rates in other countries included 50% for a two-month period in 1996 in Canada, 17 16% in Australia for the preceding weekend in 1988, 18 and 20% in 1992. 19 In the present study, self-report of sunburns was associated with higher sun sensitivity to the skin, nonHispanic ethnicity, young age, and male sex, similar to the covariates found to be related to use of methods to protect from sun exposure 20 and consistent with the results of earlier studies of sunburns. 8,19,21 The tendency to sunburn is related to the melanin content of the skin; therefore, white non-Hispanic individuals are at highest risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Correlates of sunburn experiences among U.S. adults: results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey

Hall

Saraiya²,

Thompson³

et al. 2003

Public Health Reports

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SYNOPSISObjective. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of sunburns in the U.S. adult population and the correlates of sunburns.Methods. Data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Module were used to calculate the number of sunburns (0, 1, 2, or Ն3) experienced during the past year by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and skin sensitivity to sun exposure. The relationship between no sunburns vs. one or more sunburns and additional demographic, health, and behavioral factors for adults who selfidentify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic was assessed using general linear contrasts. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the most important covariates associated with sunburns. All analyses were weighted for the complex sampling design.Results. The study data suggest that overall, 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.9, 19.1) of U.S. adults experience one sunburn a year, 9.7% (95% CI 9.3, 10.1) experience two, and 8.0% (95% CI 7.6, 8.4) experience Ն3 sunburns. The data also indicate that adults who self-identify as white non-Hispanic experience sunburns more frequently than (in order of prevalence) those who identify as American Indian/Alaska Native, white Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or black. Sunburns were found to be more common among men than among women, more common among younger age groups than among older age groups, and more common among those with skin more prone to sunburn than among those with skin less prone to sunburn. Among individuals who selfidentify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic, protective behaviors associated with lower rates of one or more sunburns in multivariate analyses are staying in the shade (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.66, 0.80) and wearing long-sleeved shirts (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75, 0.99).Conclusions. Many American adults have one or more sunburns per year. Methods to protect from sun exposure may not be used as needed to prevent sunburn.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Correlates of sunburn experiences among U.S. adults: results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey

Hall

Saraiya²,

Thompson³

et al. 2003

Public Health Reports

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“…It has been shown that subjective comfort has a determining influence on the rates of sunburn, with people exposing more and more skin as they become hotter due to rising ambient temperature levels [9]. However, people will also stay out of the sun when the temperatures reach extreme levels where discomfort occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral UV in public shade settings

Turnbull

Parisi

2003

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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The protective nature of specific shade environments was investigated by measuring the spectral UV in the shade for the three planes (horizontal, 45 o and vertical) and comparing this to that on a horizontal plane in full sun. Spectral UV irradiance measurements were made under clear sky conditions at a sub-tropical Southern Hemisphere site. The solar UV in the shade of a shade umbrella, covered verandah, covered sand pit and covered walkway were measured for an increasing solar zenith angle, between March and August, for the times of 11:30 am -12:30 pm and 2:30 pm -3:30 pm. The UPF's provided ranged from 1.4 to 10. This research shows that there is sufficient UV in the shade to cause erythema on the human body in a short period of time. For the shade umbrella placed on dry grass the time able to be spent in the shade in the middle of the day before experiencing mild erythema increased from 35 to 60 minutes as the solar zenith angle increased from 33 o to 52 o . Erythemal UV levels in the shade of a northern facing covered verandah, with trees in close proximity, were approximately up to five times less than the erythemal UV beneath the shade umbrella that had no surrounding trees. Shade structures must be given careful consideration when construction occurs. Even though the UV transmission through the materials may be very low, it is the construction of the entire shade setting that determines the exposure beneath the shade structure.

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“…Variations in UV doses received across individuals are even larger as they are strongly influenced by behavioural and host factors (Hill et al, 1992). Also, for a given individual and weather condition, exposure of various anatomical sites ranges from 13 to 76% of the exposure of the vertex of the head (Wright et al, 2004).…”

Section: Exposure: Control Determinants and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective exposure to solar UV in building workers: influence of local and individual factors

Antoine

Pierre-Edouard

Jean-Luc

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Excessive exposure to solar UV light is the main cause of skin cancers in humans. UV exposure depends on environmental as well as individual factors related to activity. Although outdoor occupational activities contribute significantly to the individual dose received, data on effective exposure are scarce and limited to a few occupations. A study was undertaken in order to assess effective short-term exposure among building workers and characterize the influence of individual and local factors on exposure. The effective exposure of construction workers in a mountainous area in the southern part of Switzerland was investigated through short-term dosimetry (97 dosimeters). Three altitudes, of about 500, 1500 and 2500 m were considered. Individual measurements over 20 working periods were performed using Spore film dosimeters on five body locations. The postural activity of workers was concomitantly recorded and static UV measurements were also performed. Effective exposure among building workers was high and exceeded occupational recommendations, for all individuals for at least one body location. The mean daily UV dose in plain was 11.9 SED (0.0-31.3 SED), in middle mountain 21.4 SED (6.6-46.8 SED) and in high mountain 28.6 SED (0.0-91.1 SED). Measured doses between workers and anatomical locations exhibited a high variability, stressing the role of local exposure conditions and individual factors. Short-term effective exposure ranged between 0 and 200% of ambient irradiation, indicating the occurrence of intense, subacute exposures. A predictive irradiation model was developed to investigate the role of individual factors. Posture and orientation were found to account for at least 38% of the total variance of relative individual exposure, and were also found to account more than altitude on the total variance of effective daily exposures. Targeted sensitization actions through professional information channels and specific prevention messages are recommended. Altitude outdoor workers should also benefit from preventive medical examination.

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Melanoma prevention: Behavioral and nonbehavioral factors in sunburn among an Australian urban population

Cited by 158 publications

References 13 publications

Correlates of sunburn experiences among U.S. adults: results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey

Correlates of sunburn experiences among U.S. adults: results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey

Spectral UV in public shade settings

Effective exposure to solar UV in building workers: influence of local and individual factors

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