Melanoma Prevention—Avoiding Indoor Tanning and Minimizing Overexposure to the Sun

Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.; Halpern, Allan C.; Sondak, Vernon K.

doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16430

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…While some large national studies measure sun protection such as shade seeking, using sunscreen, wearing long sleeves, etc., on the state level (YRBS (39), or on the national level (40), no large studies regularly measure intentional OT. We recommend that a more careful tracking of both forms of intentional tanning associated with UV exposure – both IT and OT – be conducted on nationally representative samples of teenagers and young adults, and specifically for the inclusion of OT in the YRBS, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (41).…”

Section: Recommendation 2: Inclusion Of Outdoor Tanning Questions In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tanning and Teens: Is Indoor Exposure the Tip of the Iceberg?

Hay

Riley

Geller

2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Due to recent state regulations and the reduced availability of free-standing tanning salons, indoor tanning prevalence is beginning to decline. This may lead to unintended consequences – increases in outdoor intentional tanning. We advance a series of research directions to track and intervene to address all forms of intentional tanning. First, we advocate for enforcement of indoor tanning regulation and encourage collection of data on tanning salon compliance and alternative indoor tanning strategies. Second, we suggest questions about outdoor and indoor tanning should be included in national surveys. Third, we need to understand the potentially complex patterns of indoor and outdoor tanning that may exist among those who tan. Fourth, research examining changing motivations for intentional tanning is needed. Finally, indoor tanning intervention studies should include outdoor tanning as an outcome to examine the effect of interventions on these related risk behaviors. These advances will ensure the development of novel interventions to address intentional tanning through multiple routes, and to avoid any unintended negative consequence of indoor tanning regulation. The promising downward direction of indoor tanning use in the United States should now lead the public health field to sharpen its focus on outdoor tanning.

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Section: Recommendation 2: Inclusion Of Outdoor Tanning Questions In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tanning and Teens: Is Indoor Exposure the Tip of the Iceberg?

Hay

Riley

Geller

2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Our analysis places important weight on the increased risk of developing melanoma with the early use of tanning beds. Multiple case‐control studies, a prospective population‐based study, and several meta‐analyses of such studies have shown the impact of early tanning bed use on the incidence of melanoma, but may have suffered from the inherent limitations of observational research and generalizability issues 5,47‐50 . We performed a 1‐way sensitivity analysis to include the full range of effect sizes in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To ban or not to ban tanning bed use for minors: A cost‐effectiveness analysis from multiple US perspectives for invasive melanoma

Eskander

Marqueen

Edwards

et al. 2021

Cancer

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Background Tanning bed use is common among US adolescents, but is associated with increased melanoma risk. The decision to ban tanning bed use by adolescents should be made in consideration of the potential health benefits and costs. Methods The US population aged 14 to 17 years was modeled by microsimulation, which compared ban versus no ban strategies. Lifetime quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs were estimated from a health care sector perspective and two societal perspectives: with and without the costs of policy enforcement and the economic losses of the indoor‐tanning bed industry. Results Full adherence to the ban prevented 15,102 melanoma cases and 3299 recurrences among 17.1 million minors, saving $61in formal and informal health care costs per minor and providing an increase of 0.0002 QALYs. Despite the intervention costs of the ban and the economic losses to the indoor‐tanning industry, banning was still the dominant strategy, with a savings of $12 per minor and $205.4 million among 17.1 million minors. Findings were robust against varying inspection costs and ban compliance, but were sensitive to lower excess risk of melanoma with early exposure to tanning beds. Conclusions A ban on tanning beds for minors potentially lowers costs and increases cost effectiveness. Even after accounting for the costs of implementing a ban, it may be considered cost effective. Even after accounting for the costs of implementing a ban and economic losses in the indoor‐tanning industry, a tanning bed ban for US minors may be considered cost effective. A ban has the potential to reduce the number of melanoma cases while decreasing health care costs. Lay Summary Previous meta‐analyses have linked tanning bed use with an increased risk of melanoma, particularly with initial use at a young age. Yet, it remains unclear whether a ban of adolescents would be cost effective. Overall, a ban has the potential to reduce the number of melanoma cases while promoting a decrease in health care costs. Even after accounting for the costs of implementing a ban and the economic losses incurred by the indoor‐tanning industry, a ban would be cost effective.

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“…Although the levels emitted from light bulbs may be minimal, it is worth noting that they are present and increase overall UV exposure levels. Additionally, frequent use of UV lamp and tanning beds has been shown to be associated with development of skin cancers, especially melanoma, likely due to the overwhelming ratio of UVA to UVB radiation levels in the lamp outputs .…”

Section: Ultraviolet Radiation and Risk Of Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma Chemoprevention: Current Status and Future Prospects

Chhabra

Ndiaye

Garcia-Peterson

et al. 2017

Photochem & Photobiology

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The incidence of skin cancers, both non-melanoma as well as melanoma, are increasing in the United States. The ultraviolet radiation, mainly from sun, is considered the major cause for these neoplasms. While non-melanoma skin cancers are far more numerous, melanoma remains the most challenging. This is because melanoma can become extremely aggressive and its incidence is increasing worldwide due to lack of effective early detection, as well as disease recurrence, following both surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, in addition to better treatment options, newer means are required to prevent melanomas from developing. Chemoprevention is a reasonable cost-effective approach to prevent carcinogenesis by inhibiting the processes of tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Melanoma is a progressive disease, which makes it very suitable for chemopreventive interventions, by targeting the processes and molecular pathways involved in the progression of melanoma. This review discusses the roles of various chemopreventive agents such as NSAIDs, statins, vitamins and dietary agents in melanoma and highlights current advancements and our perspective on future of melanoma chemoprevention. Although considerable preclinical data suggest that melanoma may be prevented or delayed by a numerous chemopreventive agents, we realize there are insufficient clinical studies evaluating their efficacy and long-term safety for human use.

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Melanoma Prevention—Avoiding Indoor Tanning and Minimizing Overexposure to the Sun

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Tanning and Teens: Is Indoor Exposure the Tip of the Iceberg?

Tanning and Teens: Is Indoor Exposure the Tip of the Iceberg?

To ban or not to ban tanning bed use for minors: A cost‐effectiveness analysis from multiple US perspectives for invasive melanoma

Melanoma Chemoprevention: Current Status and Future Prospects

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