Melanoma of unknown primary: New perspectives for an old story

Boussios, Stergios; Rassy, Elie El; Samartzis, Eleftherios Pierre; Moschetta, Michele; Sheriff, Matin; Fidalgo, José Alejandro Pérez; Pavlidis, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103208

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In addition, clinical evaluation should always include ophthalmologic and anogenital evaluations. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings are comparable to those observed in metastatic MM with a known primary lesion 65 …”

Section: Diagnosis Of MM Metastases In Patients With Unknown Primary Mmsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by FNA: A practical review

Ronchi

Montella

Marino

et al. 2021

Cancer Cytopathology

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Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a growing worldwide incidence. It is not uncommon that the disease is already metastatic at the time of the first diagnosis. Regional lymph nodes and skin are the first and most common metastatic sites, followed by distant visceral sites (lungs, liver, and central nervous system) and bone. In this clinical setting, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) often represents the first diagnostic approach. FNA is a useful tool to obtain a rapid and accurate diagnosis, in conjunction with ancillary techniques and molecular analysis, as recommended by recent guidelines.The aim of this review was to describe the cytomorphology, immunocytochemical tools, and molecular tools used for the diagnosis of MM metastases on FNA. Cancer Cytopathol 2021;0:1-12.

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Section: Diagnosis Of MM Metastases In Patients With Unknown Primary Mmsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by FNA: A practical review

Ronchi

Montella

Marino

et al. 2021

Cancer Cytopathology

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“…Identifying GNAQ or GNA11 mutations can be useful to diagnose uveal melanoma and differentiate it from other types of melanomas and melanoma of undefined origin [134]. While they can be present in cutaneous melanoma, these cases are rare [130,135].…”

Section: Gnaq/gna11 Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Wide Spectrum of Melanoma Biomarkers

et al. 2021

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The use of biomarkers in medicine has become essential in clinical practice in order to help with diagnosis, prognostication and prediction of treatment response. Since Alexander Breslow’s original report on “melanoma and prognostic values of thickness”, providing the first biomarker for melanoma, many promising new biomarkers have followed. These include serum markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase and S100 calcium-binding protein B. However, as our understanding of the DNA mutational profile progresses, new gene targets and proteins have been identified. These include point mutations, such as mutations of the BRAF gene and tumour suppressor gene tP53. At present, only a small number of the available biomarkers are being utilised, but this may soon change as more studies are published. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of melanoma biomarkers and their utility for current and, potentially, future clinical practice.

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“…Melanoma is an aggressive and often fatal form of skin cancer, and its global incidence is increasing, constituting a serious public health problem [1,2]. This pathology is characterized by the malignant proliferation of melanocytes, cells responsible for melanin production, that can be caused by genetic, epigenetic, and/or environmental factors [1,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenging Melanoma Landscape: From Early Drug Discovery to Clinical Approval

Matias

Pinho

Penetra

et al. 2021

Cells

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Melanoma is recognized as the most dangerous type of skin cancer, with high mortality and resistance to currently used treatments. To overcome the limitations of the available therapeutic options, the discovery and development of new, more effective, and safer therapies is required. In this review, the different research steps involved in the process of antimelanoma drug evaluation and selection are explored, including information regarding in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments, as well as clinical trial phases. Details are given about the most used cell lines and assays to perform both two- and three-dimensional in vitro screening of drug candidates towards melanoma. For in vivo studies, murine models are, undoubtedly, the most widely used for assessing the therapeutic potential of new compounds and to study the underlying mechanisms of action. Here, the main melanoma murine models are described as well as other animal species. A section is dedicated to ongoing clinical studies, demonstrating the wide interest and successful efforts devoted to melanoma therapy, in particular at advanced stages of the disease, and a final section includes some considerations regarding approval for marketing by regulatory agencies. Overall, considerable commitment is being directed to the continuous development of optimized experimental models, important for the understanding of melanoma biology and for the evaluation and validation of novel therapeutic strategies.

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Melanoma of unknown primary: New perspectives for an old story

Cited by 50 publications

References 93 publications

Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by FNA: A practical review

Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by FNA: A practical review

Unraveling the Wide Spectrum of Melanoma Biomarkers

The Challenging Melanoma Landscape: From Early Drug Discovery to Clinical Approval

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