Melanoma of the lower genital tract: Prognostic factors and treatment modalities

Gadducci, Angiolo; Carinelli, Silvestro; Guerrieri, Maria Elena; Aletti, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.562

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In one 2012 study, the mean survival and median OS rates of stage I disease of cervical MM were 31.5% and 20 months (range 1–156) in the FIGO staging system . Besides, the median OS rate of vaginal MM was 41 months for tumors less than 3 cm versus 12 months for larger tumors . In feasible cases, surgery is the first choice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For cervical MM patients, surgery usually entails radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and partial vaginectomy with at least 2 cm free surgical margins. For vaginal MM patients, a wild local excision with an adequate safety margin of 1–2 cm is recommended by the AJCC definition . Recent immunotherapy has brought a breakthrough in advanced or recurrent cutaneous MM patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaginal MM accounts for 0.4–0.8% of all melanomas. Eighty cases of cervical MM have been reported . Cervical and vaginal MM mainly occur in the sixth decade of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both diagnoses are confirmed by immunohistochemistry using S‐100, human melanoma black 45 (HMB‐45), and melanoma‐associated antigen recognized by T cells (MART‐1). The latter two are frequently used because they are more specific than the other markers . The treatment guidelines for gynecological MM are not clearly defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix or vagina which were successfully treated with nivolumab

Anko

Nakamura

Kobayashi

et al. 2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Primary malignant melanomas (MM) originating from the gynecological tract are rare. They respond poorly to immunotherapy when compared with cutaneous MM. This study reports two cases. The first is of a 54‐year‐old woman with a cervical amelanotic polypoid mass who was diagnosed as having stage IB1 cervical melanoma according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system. At 17 months post‐surgery, a computed tomography examination revealed recurrence of a 68 mm pelvic tumor. The second case is of a 37‐year‐old woman with a 7 cm hemorrhagic mass on the vaginal wall. The patient was diagnosed as having stage IV vaginal melanoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer definition. Both patients received nivolumab therapy, programmed cell death receptor 1 monoclonal antibodies, and the tumors almost disappeared. These cases may add the possibility of using colposcopy with narrow‐band imaging and positron‐emission tomography to diagnose and evaluate primary MM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaginal MM accounts for 0.4–0.8% of all melanomas. Eighty cases of cervical MM have been reported . Cervical and vaginal MM mainly occur in the sixth decade of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix or vagina which were successfully treated with nivolumab

Anko

Nakamura

Kobayashi

et al. 2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Malignant melanoma of the gynecologic tract is rare with a particular aggressive behavior and poor survival outcomes [1]. Primary ovarian melanoma (POM) is rarer and few published cases reported this unusual anatomical location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Report of a Rare Case of an Advanced Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor Initially Diagnosed as Primary Ovarian Melanoma

Chacha¹,

Miry²,

Serji³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Ovarian granulosa cell tumors are rare gynecological cancers with favorable clinical evolution and survival outcomes. We report a new case of this presentation in a patient that was initially diagnosed as a bilateral primary melanoma of the ovary. The patient is a 51-year-old woman with a history of abdominal swelling and deterioration of her general conditions. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension and diffuse dullness with initially highly elevated cancer antigen 125. Contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal-pelvic computed tomography showed a left-sided ovarian mass and abundant ascites and pleurisy. Ex-lap surgery found two large bilateral ovarian masses associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis and highly abundant ascites. The histopathological examination of the omental biopsy revealed an undifferentiated tumor proliferation of cells with highly positive Human Melanoma Black 45 marker in favor of an achromic malignant melanoma according to the pathologist. Because of her advanced disease, the patient received a combination of six cycles of neoadjuvant dacarbazine, cisplatin, and paclitaxel and showed partial response based on the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, followed by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with cytoreductive surgery. Unexpectedly, the histopathological analysis of the surgical specimens was in favor of an advanced adult granulosa cell tumor with positive inhibin B. Our patient is alive at her 13 th month of survival and is being followed by the oncology team. The challenges of the pathological diagnosis of this case are discussed. The diagnosis of primary ovarian melanoma should not be based on one immunohistochemical marker only. A single biopsy of omental implants in peritoneal carcinomatosis during ex-lap surgery should be avoided.

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Mucosal Melanoma

Henderson¹,

Balch²,

Garbe³

et al. 2020

Cutaneous Melanoma

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Melanoma of the lower genital tract: Prognostic factors and treatment modalities

Cited by 65 publications

References 62 publications

Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix or vagina which were successfully treated with nivolumab

Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix or vagina which were successfully treated with nivolumab

A Report of a Rare Case of an Advanced Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor Initially Diagnosed as Primary Ovarian Melanoma

Mucosal Melanoma

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