Melanoma in situ

Higgins, H. William; Lee, Kachiu C.; Galan, Anjela; Leffell, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.04.014

Cited by 82 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…However, the real nature of this increase has become a controversial issue [19]. Specifically, the issue in question is whether the incidence increase should be interpreted as a real melanoma “epidemic,” or if it represents the result of intense screening [20,21], improved diagnostic ability of clinicians, increased biopsies [22], or changes in histologic criteria [23] that allow us to diagnose melanomas that previously remained unrecognized.…”

Section: The Melanoma Epidemic: Is It Real?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological trends in skin cancer

Apalla

Lallas

Sotiriou

et al. 2017

Dermatol Pract Concept

488

386

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Skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), represents the most common type of malignancy in the white population. The incidence rate of melanoma is increasing worldwide, while the associated mortality remains stable, or is slightly decreasing. On the other hand, the incidence for NMSC varies widely, with the highest rates reported in Australia.In the current review, we highlight recent global trends in epidemiology of skin cancer. We discuss controversial issues raised in current epidemiological data, we analyze the most important risk factors associated with the development of melanoma and NMSC and the impact of skin cancer on health care services. Furthermore, we underline the pressing need for improved registration policies, especially for NMSC, and lastly, we refer to the ongoing primary and secondary prevention strategies and their outcomes so far.

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Section: The Melanoma Epidemic: Is It Real?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological trends in skin cancer

Apalla

Lallas

Sotiriou

et al. 2017

Dermatol Pract Concept

488

386

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The incidence of melanoma has increased steadily over the last years . Chemotherapy could not improve overall survival, and most patients with metastatic melanoma are resistant to chemotherapeutic treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

c‐Rel is a cell cycle modulator in human melanoma cells

Priebe

Dewert

Amschler

et al. 2018

Experimental Dermatology

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Melanoma progression and resistance to therapy are associated with faulty regulation of signalling molecules including the central transcription factor NF‐κB. Increased expression of the c‐Rel subunit of NF‐κB has been described in progressing melanoma, though mechanistic implications of this upregulation remain unclear. To elucidate the functional role of c‐Rel in melanoma biology, we have assessed its expression in human melanoma as well as in melanoma cell lines. Suppression of c‐Rel expression in four melanoma cell lines resulted in reduced growth and altered cell cycle regulation, namely G2/M and polyploid phase induction. Moreover, mitotic spindle morphology was profoundly altered in three of the cell lines with a predominance of monopolar structures. These findings suggest that c‐Rel is involved in G2/M phase regulation, prevention of polyploidy and, consequently, chromosomal stability. Our results highlight a novel tumor‐promoting function of c‐Rel in human melanoma cells through governing cell cycle regulation.

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“…Although it is less common than other malignancies of the skin, melanoma accounts for nearly 75% of skin cancer-related deaths (2). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Receptor β in Melanoma: From Molecular Insights to Potential Clinical Utility

et al. 2016

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Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor; its incidence has been reported to increase fast in the past decades. Melanoma is a heterogeneous tumor, with most patients harboring mutations in the BRAF or NRAS oncogenes, leading to the overactivation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. The current therapeutic approaches are based on therapies targeting mutated BRAF and the downstream pathway, and on monoclonal antibodies against the immune checkpoint blockade. However, treatment resistance and side effects are common events of these therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence supports that melanoma is a hormone-related cancer. Melanoma incidence is higher in males than in females, and females have a significant survival advantage over men. Estrogens exert their effects through estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) that affect cancer growth in an opposite way: ERα is associated with a proliferative action and ERβ with an anticancer effect. ERβ is the predominant ER in melanoma, and its expression decreases in melanoma progression, supporting its role as a tumor suppressor. Thus, ERβ is now considered as an effective molecular target for melanoma treatment. 17β-estradiol was reported to inhibit melanoma cells proliferation; however, clinical trials did not provide the expected survival benefits. In vitro studies demonstrate that ERβ ligands inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells harboring the NRAS (but not the BRAF) mutation, suggesting that ERβ activation might impair melanoma development through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. These data suggest that ERβ agonists might be considered as an effective treatment strategy, in combination with MAPK inhibitors, for NRAS mutant melanomas. In an era of personalized medicine, pretreatment evaluation of the expression of ER isoforms together with the concurrent oncogenic mutations should be considered before selecting the most appropriate therapeutic intervention. Natural compounds that specifically bind to ERβ have been identified. These phytoestrogens decrease the proliferation of melanoma cells. Importantly, these effects are unrelated to the oncogenic mutations of melanomas, suggesting that, in addition to their ERβ activating function, these compounds might impair melanoma development through additional mechanisms. A better identification of the role of ERβ in melanoma development will help increase the therapeutic options for this aggressive pathology.

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Melanoma in situ

Cited by 82 publications

References 78 publications

Epidemiological trends in skin cancer

Epidemiological trends in skin cancer

c‐Rel is a cell cycle modulator in human melanoma cells

Estrogen Receptor β in Melanoma: From Molecular Insights to Potential Clinical Utility

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