Melanoma and occupation: results of a case-control study in The Netherlands.

Nelemans, Patty J.; Scholte, Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho; Groenendal, H; Kiemeney, Lambertus A.; Rampen, F.H.J.; Ruiter, Dirk J.; Verbeek, A.L.M.

doi:10.1136/oem.50.7.642

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similarly, studies of chemical workers have also shown elevated risks of melanoma [171,179,224]. Cohort studies of electrical and electronics workers [146,203,220] along with at least one case-control study [179] have also shown elevated risks for melanoma. It has been hypothesized that workers in occupations exposed to ionizing radiation might also be at increased risk of melanoma [3,71,218,238,252].…”

Section: Occupation and Melanomamentioning

confidence: 97%

Melanoma Epidemiology and Prevention

Berwick

Buller

Cust

et al. 2015

Cancer Treatment and Research

122

121

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The epidemiology of melanoma is complex, and individual risk depends on sun exposure, host factors, and genetic factors, and in their interactions as well. Sun exposure can be classified as intermittent, chronic, or cumulative (overall) exposure, and each appears to have a different effect on type of melanoma. Other environmental factors, such as chemical exposures-either through occupation, atmosphere, or food-may increase risk for melanoma, and this area warrants further study. Host factors that are well known to be important are the numbers and types of nevi and the skin phenotype. Genetic factors are classified as

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Section: Occupation and Melanomamentioning

confidence: 97%

Melanoma Epidemiology and Prevention

Berwick

Buller

Cust

et al. 2015

Cancer Treatment and Research

122

121

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“…Many non-UV-related factors have been proposed as contributing to the risk of melanoma, but no coherent etiologic picture has emerged (10,11). Most notably and relevant to our proposal is that many epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of melanoma in many occupations associated with the electronic and chemical industries (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). We propose that the attributable risk not explained by UV light exposure or genetic risk can largely be understood by using a model that proposes that increases in reactive oxygen species are central to the pathogenesis of melanocyte transformation and melanoma progression (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, overexpression of one of these enzymes has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with melanoma (39). Nonmetals of particular interest that also bind melanin would include organic amines, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, herbicides, and dyes (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), and further study of risk for melanoma using agricultural health data bases might be informative. Advances in occupational epidemiology and the ability to measure metals at low concentrations in individual cells in tissue (e.g., inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer; Refs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Etiologic Pathogenesis of Melanoma

Meyskens¹,

Farmer

Anton‐Culver³

2004

Clinical Cancer Research

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Melanoma is the eighth most common malignancy in the United States and has shown rapid increases in its incidence rate over the past two decades, especially in early-stage disease (1)(2)(3)(4). A recent analysis of data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program indicates that the incidence of melanoma increases with age, with somewhat different patterns in men and women (3). Genetic and environmental interactions clearly play a role in melanoma and may explain in part the variations in age-specific incidence rates and the differences between the rates in men and women.The etiology of malignant melanoma has been attributed to a great extent to the role of UV light exposure as the most important risk factor for melanoma in those with phenotypic susceptibility (5-10). The increase in the risk of melanoma by age has also been attributed to exposure to environmental agents in addition to UV light where the onset of melanoma depends on latency periods between the onset of environmental exposure and tumor occurrence and multiple other factors. Most epidemiological studies are examining the effect of known risk factors identified and quantified through case-control and association studies. However, the epidemiological studies usually do not measure effectively synergism between two or more possible etiologic factors in gene/environment and gene/gene studies and provide very little information regarding mechanisms of disease etiology.The pathogenesis of human melanocyte transformation remains incompletely understood. Many non-UV-related factors have been proposed as contributing to the risk of melanoma, but no coherent etiologic picture has emerged (10, 11). Most notably and relevant to our proposal is that many epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of melanoma in many occupations associated with the electronic and chemical industries (12-16). We propose that the attributable risk not explained by UV light exposure or genetic risk can largely be understood by using a model that proposes that increases in reactive oxygen species are central to the pathogenesis of melanocyte transformation and melanoma progression (Fig. 1). We review here our studies and those of others that suggest that changes in the melanin from antioxidant to pro-oxidant are a critical early pathogenic event. We further discuss the consequences of this alteration for the melanocyte, how such changes may explain most of the epidemiological observations that have been postulated as exogenous risk factors for melanoma, and the consequences of these modulations for the (chemo) prevention and possible treatment of human melanoma.A unique biological feature of the melanocyte is its production of melanin, a molecule with a diversity of complex redox and free-radical properties and interactions, including an interaction with oxygen (17, 18). Over the past five years we have performed a series of experiments that have led us to postulate that redox-recycling of melanin and its precursors is an etiologically important and possibly...

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“…Although exposure to sunlight is considered to be the most important environmental risk factor, increased risks of cutaneous melanomas were found for workers who were exposed to various chemicals in the electronics and metal industries and transport and communication branch (21). The Fischer-344 (F-344) rat is a common strain of rodents used in carcinogenicity studies, but very little is known concerning the occurrence of their cutaneous amelanotic melanomas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%