Melanogenesis Inhibitory Activities of Iridoid-, Hemiterpene-, and Fatty Acid-glycosides from the Fruits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni)

Naturally Occurring Iridoids and Secoiridoids. An Updated Review, Part 4

“…63) Nepeta species (Lamiaceae) native to temperate Europe, Asia, North Africa and the mountainous region of tropical Africa, are widely used in folk medicine. 64) Nestorović et al assayed the nepetalactones (134, 135) content in the MeOH extracts of the shoot cultures of three endemic Serbian 104.2 (C-4), 41.8 (C-5), 77.0 (C-6), 47.8 (C-7), 79.5 (C-8), 49.6 (C-9), 23.0 (C-10), 100.2 (C-1Ј), 74.8 (C-2Ј), 78.1 (C-3Ј), 71.8 (C-4Ј), 78.2 (C-5Ј), 63.1 (C-6Ј), 128.9 (C-1Љ), 111.5 (C-2Љ), 150.8 (C-3Љ), 152.8 (C-4Љ), 112.7 (C-5Љ), 123.9 (C-6Љ), 118.0 (C-7Љ), 146.0 (C-8Љ), 169.1 (C-9Љ), 56.0 (MeO-3Љ, 4Љ). Teucrium chamaedris (Labiatae) 11) 2.…”

Iridoids from Cornus mas L. and their potential as innovative ingredients in cosmetics

“…Iridoids have powerful antiinfl ammatory and antibacterial properties both in internal and external applications 13 . They are potent antioxidants, and may thus display anticancer activity in skin cancer 14, 15 , cancer of the colon, lungs, or nose and throat…”

Evaluation of Anti-Melanogenic and Cytotoxic Activities of Phlomis caucasica on Human Melanoma SKMEL-3 Cells

“…For example, geniposide, an iridoid glycoside was found in P. younghusbandii (26) enhanced melanogenesis by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinase, a downstream kinase of c-kit signaling and stimulation of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling in norepinephrineexposed normal human epidermal melanocyte (13). On the other hand, another iridoid glycoside, named shanzhiside methyl ester, has been isolated from some species of Phlomis such as, P. younghusbandii (27) and P. rigida (28), and has shown an anti-melanogenic activity near 53.7 ± 0.41% reduction of melanin content at 100 µM in the α-MSHstimulated B16 melanoma cells with almost no toxicity to the cells (14). Loganin and sweroside were found in some Phlomis species and indicated anti-melanogenic activity in 0.1 mM, but they were not good radical scavengers (29).…”

“…Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was carried out according to the procedure as explained by Sarkhail et al (14,16) …”

“…On the other hand, two isolated flavonoids, naringenin and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, have shown very low antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity (12). Moreover, some iridoid glycosides were found in this species that have been shown to have opposing effects on melanogenesis, for example geniposide enhanced melanogenesis, while loganin has indicated anti-melanogenic activity (13,14). Therefore, due to the presence of various compounds in P. caucasica, with opposing and complementary effects on melanin production, it can be involved in melanogenesis pathways.…”