Melanocortin receptor 3 and 4 mRNA expression in the adult female Syrian hamster brain

Hall, Megan A. L.; Kohut-Jackson, Abigail L.; Peyla, Anna C.; Friedman, Gloria D.; Simco, Nicole J.; Borland, Johnathan M.; Meisel, Robert L.

doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1038341

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…POMC is a pro-hormone which is cleaved to create melanocortins [15], such as α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). There are five G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors (MC1R–MC5R) that have been Identified [16], and two of these (MC3R and MC4R) are expressed in the brain [17▪]. While α-MSH is considered the natural agonist of MC3R and MC4R (anorexigenic: expression leads to weight loss), AgRp is considered the antagonist (orexigenic: expression leads to weight gain) [16].…”

Section: Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central neural mechanisms of cancer cachexia

Yule,

Brown,

Skipworth

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Supportive &Amp; Palliative Care

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Purpose of review Cachexia is a devasting syndrome which impacts a large number of patients with cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the central mechanisms of cancer cachexia. In particular, it focuses on the role of the central nervous system (CNS), the melanocortin system, circulating hormones and molecules which are produced by and act on the CNS and the psychological symptoms of cancer cachexia. Recent findings A growing body of evidence suggests that a central mechanism of action underpins this multi-system disorder. Recent research has focused on the role of neuroinflammation that drives the sickness behaviour seen in cancer cachexia, with emphasis on the role of the hypothalamus. Melanocortin receptor antagonists are showing promise in preclinical studies. There are also new pharmacological developments to overcome the short half-life of ghrelin. GDF-15 has been identified as a core target and trials of compounds that interfere with its signalling or its central receptor are underway. Summary Understanding the central mechanisms of cancer cachexia is pivotal for enhancing treatment outcomes in patients. While emerging pharmacological interventions targeting these pathways have shown promise, further research is essential.

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Section: Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central neural mechanisms of cancer cachexia

Yule,

Brown,

Skipworth

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Supportive &Amp; Palliative Care

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“…In addition to its activity in control of appetite, MC4R can directly impact glucose and lipid homeostasis, pain perception and even sexual behaviors by modulating of luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges in female and erectile activity in male rodents ( 73 , 74 ). However, if these MC4R-driven activities can be modulated by LCN2 is not known yet.…”

Section: Melanocortin Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

et al. 2023

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The human 25-kDa Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was first identified and purified as a protein that in part is associated with gelatinase from neutrophils. This protein shows a high degree of sequence similarity with the deduced sequences of rat α2-microglobulin-related protein and the mouse protein 24p3. Based on its typical lipocalin fold, which consists of an eight-stranded, anti-parallel, symmetrical β-barrel fold structure it was initially thought that LCN2 is a circulating protein functioning as a transporter of small lipophilic molecules. However, studies in Lcn2 null mice have shown that LCN2 has bacteriostatic properties and plays a key role in innate immunity by sequestering bacterial iron siderophores. Numerous reports have further shown that LCN2 is involved in the control of cell differentiation, energy expenditure, cell death, chemotaxis, cell migration, and many other biological processes. In addition, important roles for LCN2 in health and disease have been identified in Lcn2 null mice and multiple molecular pathways required for regulation of Lcn2 expression have been identified. Nevertheless, although six putative receptors for LCN2 have been proposed, there is a fundamental lack in understanding of how these cell-surface receptors transmit and amplify LCN2 to the cell. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge on LCN2 receptors and discuss inconsistencies, misinterpretations and false assumptions in the understanding of these potential LCN2 receptors.

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Melanocortin receptor 3 and 4 mRNA expression in the adult female Syrian hamster brain

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Central neural mechanisms of cancer cachexia

Central neural mechanisms of cancer cachexia

Lipocalin 2 receptors: facts, fictions, and myths

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