Melanization immune responses in mosquito vectors

Hemolymph Melanization in the Silkmoth Bombyx mori Involves Formation of a High Molecular Mass Complex That Metabolizes Tyrosine

“…In addition, we never detected tyramine or DA in B. mori plasma in the first 20 min after collection from a wound site. Thus, although Tyr decarboxylase and DOPA decarboxylase have both been suggested to play roles in converting Tyr to tyramine and DOPA to DA for use by POs (49,(53)(54)(55), we see no evidence for this during the rapid melanization of B. mori plasma from a wound site.…”

Disease will limit future food supply from the global crustacean fishery and aquaculture sectors

“…proPO) at the gene or protein levels. However, he also states that these approaches are considered somewhat crude and likely impose a net energetic cost to the host (see also Smith et al, 2003;Christensen et al, 2005;Hauton et al, 2007). Hauton (2012) therefore states that in an aquaculture setting, '(that this)...-blunt approach cannot serve as a global solution to the problems of commercially significant diseases'.…”

Antiviral responses of arthropod vectors: an update on recent advances

“…It is a humoral response mediated by a cascade of molecules and enzymes in the haemolymph, involving the key enzyme phenoloxidase (PO), and is often referred to as the PO cascade [16,22]. A decade ago it was shown that expression of dsRNA targeting a precursor of PO (pro-phenoloxidase I) by SINV lowered PO activity in the mosquito Armigeres subalbatus and increased SINV replication [116].…”