Melanin pigments of fungi under extreme environmental conditions (Review)

Гесслер, Н. Н.; Егорова, А. С.; Belozerskaya, T. A.

doi:10.1134/s0003683814020094

Cited by 135 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A variety of defense mechanisms against oxidative and photo-oxidative stress are known for microorganisms, including heterotrophic representatives from various habitats. For example, melanin and mannitol are involved as an antioxidant and in UV protection in fungi [67,68]. Detoxification systems (OxyR and SoxRS regulons) involving enzymatic oxidant elimination and DNA repair were described in a wide range of bacteria [69].…”

Section: High Light Radiation and Low Nutrient Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow and ice ecosystems: not so extreme

Maccario

Sanguino

Vogel

et al. 2015

Research in Microbiology

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Section: High Light Radiation and Low Nutrient Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow and ice ecosystems: not so extreme

Maccario

Sanguino

Vogel

et al. 2015

Research in Microbiology

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“…Like actinobacteria and cyanobacteria, fungi show a range of adaptive mechanisms which allow them to withstand environmental extremes found in desert ecosystems (Onofri et al ; Stevenson et al ; Santiago et al ), as shown by their ability to synthesize melanin pigments that provide protection against high levels of UV‐radiation (Gessler et al ). Early isolation studies on soils from the Negev and Sonoran deserts revealed extensive fungal diversity (Taylor‐George et al ), results now known to square with the view that fungi are the most stress‐resistant eukaryotes (Sterflinger et al ), a point especially apt with respect to microbial rock fungi (Palmer et al ; Gonçalves et al ).…”

Section: Desertsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme environments: microbiology leading to specialized metabolites

et al. 2019

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Summary The prevalence of multidrug‐resistant microbial pathogens due to the continued misuse and overuse of antibiotics in agriculture and medicine is raising the prospect of a return to the preantibiotic days of medicine at the time of diminishing numbers of drug leads. The good news is that an increased understanding of the nature and extent of microbial diversity in natural habitats coupled with the application of new technologies in microbiology and chemistry is opening up new strategies in the search for new specialized products with therapeutic properties. This review explores the premise that harsh environmental conditions in extreme biomes, notably in deserts, permafrost soils and deep‐sea sediments select for micro‐organisms, especially actinobacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi, with the potential to synthesize new druggable molecules. There is evidence over the past decade that micro‐organisms adapted to life in extreme habitats are a rich source of new specialized metabolites. Extreme habitats by their very nature tend to be fragile hence there is a need to conserve those known to be hot‐spots of novel gifted micro‐organisms needed to drive drug discovery campaigns and innovative biotechnology. This review also provides an overview of microbial‐derived molecules and their biological activities focusing on the period from 2010 until 2018, over this time 186 novel structures were isolated from 129 representatives of microbial taxa recovered from extreme habitats.

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“…Fungi are extremophiles that can survive harsh conditions such as low nutrient [33], desiccation [34], high/low temperatures [35, 36], acidic/alkaline [37, 38], radiation [39, 40], and other environments [41, 42]. Fungal species not only have been isolated from all known environments on Earth, including barren lands like deserts, caves, or nuclear accident sites, but also are known to be difficult to eradicate from other types of environments including indoor and closed spaces [8, 36, 42, 43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human presence impacts fungal diversity of inflated lunar/Mars analog habitat

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAn inflatable lunar/Mars analog habitat (ILMAH), simulated closed system isolated by HEPA filtration, mimics International Space Station (ISS) conditions and future human habitation on other planets except for the exchange of air between outdoor and indoor environments. The ILMAH was primarily commissioned to measure physiological, psychological, and immunological characteristics of human inhabiting in isolation, but it was also available for other studies such as examining its microbiological aspects. Characterizing and understanding possible changes and succession of fungal species is of high importance since fungi are not only hazardous to inhabitants but also deteriorate the habitats. Observing the mycobiome changes in the presence of human will enable developing appropriate countermeasures with reference to crew health in a future closed habitat.ResultsSuccession of fungi was characterized utilizing both traditional and state-of-the-art molecular techniques during the 30-day human occupation of the ILMAH. Surface samples were collected at various time points and locations to observe both the total and viable fungal populations of common environmental and opportunistic pathogenic species. To estimate the cultivable fungal population, potato dextrose agar plate counts method was utilized. The internal transcribed spacer region-based iTag Illumina sequencing was employed to measure the community structure and fluctuation of the mycobiome over time in various locations. Treatment of samples with propidium monoazide (PMA; a DNA intercalating dye for selective detection of viable microbial populations) had a significant effect on the microbial diversity compared to non-PMA-treated samples. Statistical analysis confirmed that viable fungal community structure changed (increase in diversity and decrease in fungal burden) over the occupation time. Samples collected at day 20 showed distinct fungal profiles from samples collected at any other time point (before or after). Viable fungal families like Davidiellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, and Pleosporaceae were shown to increase during the occupation time.ConclusionsThe results of this study revealed that the overall fungal diversity in the closed habitat changed during human presence; therefore, it is crucial to properly maintain a closed habitat to preserve it from deteriorating and keep it safe for its inhabitants. Differences in community profiles were observed when statistically treated, especially of the mycobiome of samples collected at day 20. On a genus level Epiccocum, Alternaria, Pleosporales, Davidiella, and Cryptococcus showed increased abundance over the occupation time.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0280-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Melanin pigments of fungi under extreme environmental conditions (Review)

Cited by 135 publications

References 90 publications

Snow and ice ecosystems: not so extreme

Snow and ice ecosystems: not so extreme

Extreme environments: microbiology leading to specialized metabolites

Human presence impacts fungal diversity of inflated lunar/Mars analog habitat

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