Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the developing chick brain

Li, Si-Han; Yip, Alissa; Bird, Jaimie; Seok, Bong Soo; Chan, A.H-H.; Godden, Kyle E.; Tam, Laurel D.; Ghelardoni, Sandra; Balaban, Evan; Martı́nez-González, Dolores; Pompeiano, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.001

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…After 36 d of culture, MCH-ir cells were often angular-shaped and larger in comparison to MCH-ir cells on day 22 ( Fig. 2 B , C ), which is reminiscent of neuronal maturation in vivo ( Steininger et al, 2004 ; Li et al, 2018 ). Another hallmark of neuronal maturation is neurite growth; while young MCH neurons have only one or two neurites (i.e., unipolar or bipolar cells), a major fraction of adult MCH neurons are multipolar cells with an axon and 2–5 primary dendrites ( Steininger et al, 2004 ; Diniz et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Characterization of Hypothalamic MCH Neuron Development in a 3D Differentiation System of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Kodani

Kawata

Suga

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons are important regulators of multiple physiological processes, such as sleep, feeding, and memory. Despite the increasing interest in their neuronal functions, the molecular mechanism underlying MCH neuron development remains poorly understood. We report that a three-dimensional culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can generate hypothalamic-like tissues containing MCH-positive neurons, which reproduce morphologic maturation, neuronal connectivity, and neuropeptide/neurotransmitter phenotype of native MCH neurons. Using this in vitro system, we demonstrate that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling serves to produce major neurochemical subtypes of MCH neurons characterized by the presence or absence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Without exogenous Hh signals, mESCs initially differentiated into dorsal hypothalamic/prethalamic progenitors and finally into MCH + CART + neurons through a specific intermediate progenitor state. Conversely, activation of the Hh pathway specified ventral hypothalamic progenitors that generate both MCH + CART − and MCH + CART + neurons. These results suggest that in vivo MCH neurons may originate from multiple cell lineages that arise through early dorsoventral patterning of the hypothalamus. Additionally, we found that Hh signaling supports the differentiation of mESCs into orexin/hypocretin neurons, a well-defined cell group intermingled with MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). The present study highlights and improves the utility of mESC culture in the analysis of the developmental programs of specific hypothalamic cell types.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…2 B ). These MCH-ir cell bodies were characterized by round shapes and small diameters (<10 μm), both of which are features of immature MCH neurons ( Steininger et al, 2004 ; Li et al, 2018 ). After 36 d of culture, MCH-ir cells were often angular-shaped and larger in comparison to MCH-ir cells on day 22 ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hypothalamic MCH Neuron Development in a 3D Differentiation System of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Kodani

Kawata

Suga

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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“…Nowadays its identification is easier even in mammals by the fact that its ependymal cells express intensely Wnt8b at early embryonic stages, as observed at least in the chick and mouse (Garda et al, 2002 ; Bardet, 2007 ). Data presented in recent publications suggest that the HVO appears related topographically to different molecularly defined neuronal populations in the surrounding mantle layer across PHy and THy (Puelles et al, 2012 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Diniz et al, 2019 ). WNT8 is one of the diffusible members of the WNT family and is also relevant for thalamic patterning (Puelles and Martinez, 2013 ).…”

Section: Morphogenetic Organizer Centers Of the Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Genes and Malformations in the Hypothalamus

Dı́az

Puelles

2020

Front. Neuroanat.

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The hypothalamus is a heterogeneous rostral forebrain region that regulates physiological processes essential for survival, energy metabolism, and reproduction, mainly mediated by the pituitary gland. In the updated prosomeric model, the hypothalamus represents the rostralmost forebrain, composed of two segmental regions (terminal and peduncular hypothalamus), which extend respectively into the non-evaginated preoptic telencephalon and the evaginated pallio-subpallial telencephalon. Complex genetic cascades of transcription factors and signaling molecules rule their development. Alterations of some of these molecular mechanisms acting during forebrain development are associated with more or less severe hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunctions, which may be associated with brain malformations such as holoprosencephaly or septo-optic dysplasia. Studies on transgenic mice with mutated genes encoding critical transcription factors implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary development are contributing to understanding the high clinical complexity of these pathologies. In this review article, we will analyze first the complex molecular genoarchitecture of the hypothalamus resulting from the activity of previous morphogenetic signaling centers and secondly some malformations related to alterations in genes implicated in the development of the hypothalamus.

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“…Finally, this locus also expresses the gene coding for histamine hydroxylase, which is associated selectively to the local production of histaminergic neurons (these migrate at short range into tuberomammillary, mammillary or retromammillary (RM) neighborhoods). Recent comparative mappings of melanin-concentrating hypothalamic neurons associate also this population that expands into the overlying mantle to an origin at the VHO locus (irrespective of the name applied to it; (Li et al 2018); (Diniz and Bittencourt 2019)). An analysis of these properties suggests that an equivalent organ apparently exists as well in mammals, even though it is not easily distinguishable histologically from standard ependym (review in (Puelles et al 2012b)).…”

Section: Expression Of P2rx7-egfp At Circumventricular Ependymal Specmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salient brain entities labelled in P2rx7-EGFP reporter mouse embryos include the septum, roof plate glial specializations and circumventricular ependymal organs

et al. 2021

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The purinergic system is one of the oldest cell-to-cell communication mechanisms and exhibits relevant functions in the regulation of the central nervous system (CNS) development. Amongst the components of the purinergic system, the ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) stands out as a potential regulator of brain pathology and physiology. Thus, P2X7R is known to regulate crucial aspects of neuronal cell biology, including axonal elongation, path-finding, synapse formation and neuroprotection. Moreover, P2X7R modulates neuroinflammation and is posed as a therapeutic target in inflammatory, oncogenic and degenerative disorders. However, the lack of reliable technical and pharmacological approaches to detect this receptor represents a major hurdle in its study. Here, we took advantage of the P2rx7-EGFP reporter mouse, which expresses enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) immediately downstream of the P2rx7 proximal promoter, to conduct a detailed study of its distribution. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the pattern of P2X7R expression in the brain of E18.5 mouse embryos revealing interesting areas within the CNS. Particularly, strong labelling was found in the septum, as well as along the entire neural roof plate zone of the brain, except chorioidal roof areas, but including specialized circumventricular roof formations, such as the subfornical and subcommissural organs (SFO; SCO). Moreover, our results reveal what seems a novel circumventricular organ, named by us postarcuate organ (PArcO). Furthermore, this study sheds light on the ongoing debate regarding the specific presence of P2X7R in neurons and may be of interest for the elucidation of additional roles of P2X7R in the idiosyncratic histologic development of the CNS and related systemic functions.

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Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the developing chick brain

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Characterization of Hypothalamic MCH Neuron Development in a 3D Differentiation System of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Characterization of Hypothalamic MCH Neuron Development in a 3D Differentiation System of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Developmental Genes and Malformations in the Hypothalamus

Salient brain entities labelled in P2rx7-EGFP reporter mouse embryos include the septum, roof plate glial specializations and circumventricular ependymal organs

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