Melancholic and atypical subtypes of depression represent distinct pathophysiological entities: CRH, neural circuits, and the diathesis for anxiety and depression

Gold, Philip W.; Chrousos, George P.

doi:10.1038/mp.2013.5

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, this is a plausible pathway of fludrocortisoneassociated effects on memory and executive function. which in turn is associated with stress-associated cognitive deficits (Wang et al, 2011) and which is increased in patients with major depression (Binder and Nemeroff, 2010;Gold and Chrousos, 2013;Holsboer and Ising, 2010). Therefore, it is possible that CRF inhibition and consecutive lower cortisol values after MR stimulation leads to improved cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Stimulation Improves Cognitive Function and Decreases Cortisol Secretion in Depressed Patients and Healthy Individuals

Otte

Wingenfeld

Kuehl

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Memory and executive function are often impaired in patients with major depression, while cortisol secretion is increased. Mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) are abundantly expressed in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex, brain areas critical for memory, executive function, and cortisol inhibition. Here, we investigated whether MR stimulation with fludrocortisone (1) improves memory and executive function and (2) decreases cortisol secretion in depressed patients and healthy individuals. Twenty-four depressed patients without medication and 24 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy participants received fludrocortisone (0.4 mg) or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, within-subject cross-over design. We measured verbal memory, visuospatial memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, and salivary cortisol secretion during cognitive testing between 1400 and 1700 hours. For verbal memory and executive function, we found better performance after fludrocortisone compared with placebo across groups. No treatment effect on other cognitive domains emerged. Depressed patients performed worse than healthy individuals in psychomotor speed and executive function. No group effect or group Â treatment interaction emerged on other cognitive domains. Fludrocortisone decreased cortisol secretion across groups and there was a significant correlation between cortisol inhibition and verbal memory performance. Our data suggest a crucial role of MR in verbal memory and executive function and demonstrate the possibility to improve cognition in depressed patients and healthy individuals through MR stimulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Stimulation Improves Cognitive Function and Decreases Cortisol Secretion in Depressed Patients and Healthy Individuals

Otte

Wingenfeld

Kuehl

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…A diverse contribution of genetic, neurochemical and environmental factors are involved in the onset and progression of depression. Besides the common monoamine hypotheses, the diathesis stress model is another attempt to explain the etiology of depressed behavior (Gold and Chrousos, 2013). Diathesis interacts with the subsequent stress response of an individual, especially some early life experiences which are known to increase the risk for depression (Kiejna et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forkhead box O transcription factors as possible mediators in the development of major depression

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding CRH, CRH-1R, CRH-2R and CRH-binding protein may be associated with increased susceptibility to psychiatric disorders and may predict the response to antidepressant therapy. 8,24,25 Preclinical and clinical evidence thus points to the therapeutic potential for CRH type 1 receptor antagonists, such as antalarmin, in the treatment of anxiety and depression. [26][27][28][29][30] Furthermore, AVP has been related to enforced stress-reaction, trait anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological vulnerability to stress in carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Kyritsi

Koltsida

Farakla

et al. 2017

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ObJeCTIVe: Carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) demonstrate increased secretion of cortisol precursors following ACTH stimulation, suggestive of impaired cortisol production and compensatory increases in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion. both cortisol and CRH have behavioral effects, and hypothalamic CRH hypersecretion has been associated with chronic states of anxiety and depression. We performed an endocrinologic and psychological evaluation in carriers of 21-OHD and matched control subjects. DeSIgN: We recruited 29 parents of children with classic CAH (14 males, 15 females; age (mean±SD): 41.8±5.7 yr), and hence 21-OHD carriers, and 13 normal subjects (5 males, 8 females; age: 43.8±6.1 yr). All subjects underwent a formal ovine (o) CRH stimulation test with measurement of ACTH, cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and androstenedione concentrations, which was preceded by determination of 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion. Psychometric assessment was performed by administering the State-Anxiety (STAI 1) and Trait-Anxiety (STAI 2) Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Symptom Checklist-90R and Temperament and Character Inventory. ReSUlTS: Carriers of 21-OHD had significantly higher 17-OHP concentrations following oCRH stimulation and higher STAI 1 (47.6±5.6 vs. 43.3±5.4, P=0.023) scores than control subjects. Mean 24-hour UFC concentrations were positively correlated with paranoid HORMONES 2017, 16(1):42-53

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Melancholic and atypical subtypes of depression represent distinct pathophysiological entities: CRH, neural circuits, and the diathesis for anxiety and depression

Cited by 47 publications

References 30 publications

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Stimulation Improves Cognitive Function and Decreases Cortisol Secretion in Depressed Patients and Healthy Individuals

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Stimulation Improves Cognitive Function and Decreases Cortisol Secretion in Depressed Patients and Healthy Individuals

Forkhead box O transcription factors as possible mediators in the development of major depression

Psychological vulnerability to stress in carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

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