Melamine poly(metal phosphates) as flame retardant in epoxy resin: Performance, modes of action, and synergy

Müller, Patrick; Schartel, Bernhard

doi:10.1002/app.43549

Cited by 64 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that EP has poor fire resistance, which will produce a serious of security risks and limit its application . Moreover, the application of metal‐doped flame retardant in epoxy resin is relatively few . So, it is important to research the flame retardance of metal‐doped epoxy resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐Ni metal complexes enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites

Cui

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two novel Salen‐DPCPs metal complexes (Salen‐DPCP‐1 and Salen‐DPCP‐2), containing both Salen‐Schiff base (Salen), phenyl phosphate structures (DPCP) and nickel component, were prepared to reduce fire hazards of epoxy resin (EP). The results showed that 5 wt % addition of Salen‐DPCP‐1 brought a higher flame‐retardant efficiency to the EP, where the V‐0 rating in UL‐94 burning test and 31.5% of limiting oxygen index (LOI) were achieved. Meanwhile, total heat release, total smoke production, and total CO yield dramatically decreased by 28.1, 23.6, and 21.4%. In addition, these results basically reappeared when Salen‐DPCP‐2 were introduced into EP to obtain Salen‐DPCP‐2/EP composites. Chemical structure and morphology characterization of the carbon residue confirmed that Salen‐DPCPs improved the catalytic charring ability and the noncombustible gas releasing ability by the Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy technology. Therefore, it is an efficient strategy to develop novel Salen composites modified by flame‐retardant groups to improve the fire rating of polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48734.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐Ni metal complexes enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites

Cui

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Due to their outstanding integrated performances, including high thermal and mechanical properties and good radiation and corrosion resistance, high‐performance thermosetting resins (HPTRs) have important applications in many cutting‐edge industrial fields such as aerospace, electronic information, electrical insulation, and new energy . However, in recent years, increasing requirements for good flame retardancy and suppression of toxic volatiles have been put on HPTRs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Yuan³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Development of high‐performance thermosetting resins by adding environmentally friendly flame retardant to heat‐resistant resins without deteriorating their outstanding thermal stability is an important research direction. Here, a unique hybrid (GHNT) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was synthesized, and then a series of composites based on cyanate ester (CE) resin were fabricated. The effects of GHNT on the heat resistance, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of GHNT/CE composites were intensively investigated. The GHNT/CE composite with 5.0 wt % GHNT not only has about 15.1 °C higher initial degradation temperature, but also shows 54.6% or 37.9% lower peak heat release rate or maximum smoke density than CE resin. These results clearly demonstrate that GHNT is not the simple combination of GO and HNT; instead, it obviously shows positive synergistic effects in simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and thermal resistance of CE resin. The improved flame retardancy could be attributed to condensed‐phase mechanisms, including increasing char yield, building a dense char layer, and free radical scavenging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46587.

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“…In this case such an automorphism is unique, and called the duality A ↔ The literature contains many examples of self-dual Leonard pairs. For instance (i) the Le ated with an irreducible module for the Terwilliger algebra of the hypercube (see [4, Corolla Leonard pair of Krawtchouk type (see [10, De nition 6.1]); (iii) the Leonard pair associated w module for the Terwilliger algebra of a distance-regular graph that has a spin model in the bra (see [1,Theorem], [3, Theorems 4.1, 5.5]); (iv) an appropriately normalized totally bipa (see [11,Lemma 14.8]); (v) the Leonard pair consisting of any two of a modular Leonard tri De nition 1.4]); (vi) the Leonard pair consisting of a pair of opposite generators for the q bra, acting on an evaluation module (see [5,Proposition 9.2]). The example (i) is a special c examples (iii), (iv) are special cases of (v).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent in epoxy resin

Mao

Liang

2019

E-Polymers

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In order to improve the compatibility of flame retardant and epoxy resin, a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent poly(p-xylylenediamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PPXSPB) was synthesized. FTIR, 1 HNMR, and mass spectroscopy were used to identify the chemical structure of PPXSPB. Epoxy resin (E-44) and PPXSPB as the raw material, a series of thermosetting systems were prepared. The effects of PPXSPB on flame retardancy, water resistance, thermal degradation behavior, mechanical properties and the adhesive strength of EP/PPXSPB thermosets were investigated. The results show that with the increase of phosphorus content, the oxygen index and carbon residue of the system both increased significantly, and the heat release rate gradually decreased, which is of great significance in delaying the occurrence of fire. When the phosphorus content is 3.24% in EP/PPXSPB thermosets, EP-2 can successfully pass the UL94 V-0 flammability rating, the LOI value of EP-2 can reach 31.4%, the impact strength and tensile strength was 6.58 kJ/m 2 and 47.10 MPa respectively, and the adhesive strength was 13.79 MPa, the system presents a good overall performance. Abstract: Let F denote a eld and let V denote a vector space over F with nite positive dim a pair A, A * of diagonalizable F-linear maps on V, each of which acts on an eigenbasis for irreducible tridiagonal fashion. Such a pair is called a Leonard pair. We consider the self-d there exists an automorphism of the endomorphism algebra of V that swaps A and A * . Such is unique, and called the duality A ↔ A * . In the present paper we give a comprehensive duality. In particular, we display an invertible F-linear map T on V such that the map X → T A ↔ A * . We express T as a polynomial in A and A * . We describe how T acts on ags, and 24 bases for V.

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Melamine poly(metal phosphates) as flame retardant in epoxy resin: Performance, modes of action, and synergy

Cited by 64 publications

References 65 publications

Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐Ni metal complexes enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites

Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐Ni metal complexes enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin composites

Flame‐retardant cyanate ester resin with suppressed toxic volatiles based on environmentally friendly halloysite nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid

The application of a phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant curing agent in epoxy resin

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