Melamine N-oxide based self-assembled energetic materials with balanced energy &amp; sensitivity and enhanced combustion behavior

Song, Siwei; Wang, Yi; He, Wei; Wang, Kangcai; Yan, Mi; Yan, Qi‐Long; Zhang, Qinghua

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.125114

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, the oxygen content of the compounds increases significantly after the introduction of oxygen rich anions, and the increased O⋯O interactions will increase the mechanical sensitivity of the compounds. Compared with dianionic salts TTDON (IS: 14 J) and TTDOP (IS: 14 J), 22 the three energetic salts are less sensitivity to impact. These results clearly indicate that the energetic salts of MDO are a class of promising new energetic ionic salts with high energy and low sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the yield of MDO was only around 50% when 30% H 2 O 2 /CF 3 COOH was used as the oxidant due to the weakening of the oxidation capacity. 22 Both elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicated that the MDO existed as tetrahydrate, and H 2 O molecules could be completely removed by heating MDO·4H 2 O sample at 130 °C. It is noteworthy that using the cheap and readily available melamine as starting material and this one-step synthetic strategy with simple post-treatment, the large-scale production of MDO could potentially be achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is readily to be protonated to generate MDO ionic salts, taking advantage of the negative polarity of oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms. Siwei Song et al 22 reported two dianionic salts of MDO (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine-1,3-dioxide-HNO 3 (TTDON) and 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine-1,3-dioxide-HClO 4 (TTDOP)) prepared via three-step reactions with the yields of 40% and 54% under strong acid solutions. However, the impact sensitivities of these two compounds are 14 J and 13 J, respectively, which is dangerous for further synthesis and storage of them ( Scheme 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, MDONA, MDOMN and MDOP shows better thermal stability than the dianionic salts TTDON ( T d : 180 °C) and TTDOP ( T d : 176 °C). 22 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Synthetic and thermal studies of four insensitive energetic materials based on oxidation of the melamine structure

Zhang

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, MDONA, MDOMN and MDOP shows better thermal stability than the dianionic salts TTDON ( T d : 180 °C) and TTDOP ( T d : 176 °C). 22 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic and thermal studies of four insensitive energetic materials based on oxidation of the melamine structure

Zhang

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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“…For energetic materials, halogen is significant in the structural establishment of energetic biocidal agents (iodine based polynitro compounds), solid rocket propellants (ammonium perchlorate, etc) [23] as well as thermally stable energetic materials [1,3,5‐trichloro‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TCTNB), 1,3,5‐triiodo‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TITNB), 1,3,5‐tribromo‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TBTNB), etc] [1], and so on. In recent years, chlorine has been also found in building a series of molecular‐perovskite energetic materials [24–26] and host‐guest explosives with the incorporation of perchlorate ions [27–31]. Therefore, exploring and understanding the relationship between halogen inclusion and physical performance of energetic materials is necessary for the design and development of novel materials towards future advanced applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat‐Resistant Energetic Materials Deriving from Benzopyridotetraazapentalene: Halogen Bonding Effects on the Outcome of Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability and Sensitivity

Zhang

Geng

Yang

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Heat‐resistant energetic material (HREM) has shown its broad applications in petroleum and natural gas exploration, aerospace vehicle as well as solid rocket formulations. Benzopyridotetraazapentalene (BPTAP) (d: 1.84 g cm−3, D: 7670 m s−1, IS: 9 J, Td: 366 °C) is a heat‐resistant energetic material, which is more dense and energetic than those of commercial HREM hexanitrosilbene (HNS) (d: 1.74 g cm−3, D: 7612 m s−1, IS: 5 J, Td: 318 °C). However, low solubility in most of commonly‐used solvents has restricted its applications in detonators as nano‐energetic materials. Meanwhile, recognition on this fused organic backbone is still limited. Herein, we report a chlorine‐inclusion strategy and facile approaches to yield three new derivatives of BPTAP. It is notable that compound 6‐a exhibits its high density (1.92 g cm−3), superior thermal stability (Td: 334 °C), high detonation performance (D: 8084 m s−1), comparable sensitivity (IS: 3 J) to that of HNS, surpassing those of commercially‐used highly‐sensitive primary energetic material lead azide (LA). It is interesting that the chlorine‐inclusion in different position of fused benzopyridotetraazapentalene framework has greatly affected their physical properties such as crystal structure, thermal stability and sensitivity. This investigation offers a unique perspective for deeply exploring the relationship between structure and performance of energetic materials.

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Prediction of the crystal structure and properties of energetic LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals: A theoretical study

Wang

Zhu

2022

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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The possible molecular packing of energetic LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals was simulated by Monte Carlo method. Then the crystal structure, electronic properties, intermolecular interactions, and detonation properties of the most stable LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals (LLM‐105:H2O2, LLM‐105:HNO3 and LLM‐105:HClO4) were systematically studied by periodic density functional theory. The effects of the oxidant molecules on the crystal properties of LLM‐105 were discussed. The type and number of hydrogen bonds increase in the cocrystals compared with the LLM‐105 crystal. The band gaps of the LLM‐105: oxidant cocrystals are larger than that of the LLM‐105 crystal. Besides, the oxidant molecules mainly contribute to the valence band maxima. In the LLM‐105: oxidant cocrystals, the O⋯O interactions increase from H2O2 to HClO4, while the H⋯O interactions weaken. The interactions of H⋯O, N⋯O, O⋯O, and C⋯O type interactions are the main driving force for the formation of the LLM‐105: oxidant cocrystals. The LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals have better detonation performance than the LLM‐105 crystal. Our results show that the cocrystals composed of the explosive molecule and oxidant molecules are very promising candidates for new energetic materials.

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Melamine N-oxide based self-assembled energetic materials with balanced energy & sensitivity and enhanced combustion behavior

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Synthetic and thermal studies of four insensitive energetic materials based on oxidation of the melamine structure

Synthetic and thermal studies of four insensitive energetic materials based on oxidation of the melamine structure

Heat‐Resistant Energetic Materials Deriving from Benzopyridotetraazapentalene: Halogen Bonding Effects on the Outcome of Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability and Sensitivity

Prediction of the crystal structure and properties of energetic LLM‐105:oxidant cocrystals: A theoretical study

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