Melamine-containing polyphosphazene wrapped ammonium polyphosphate: A novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant

Qiu, Shuilai; Ma, Chao; Wang, Xin; Zhou, Xia; Feng, Xiaming; Yuen, Richard K.K.; Hu, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.018

Cited by 275 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The benzoic acid and aromatic compounds released from PET were highly combustible and could release a great amount of heat in the burning process. It was also noted that the gaseous pyrolysis products were relatively early released for PET/FR5.0 nanocomposite, indicating that incorporation of MPP nanowires catalyzed the thermal degradation of PET slightly …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel strategy was developed for the preparation of melamine polyphosphate (MPP) nanowires to achieve a superior flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Thanks to the well‐designed nanostructure, the prepared MPP nanowires exhibited great thermal stability and flame retardance. Herein with incorporation of only 1‐wt% MPP nanowires (PET/FR1.0 nanocomposite), the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was dramatically increased to 29.4% from 20.5%, showing self‐extinguishing behavior. Moreover, PET/FR1.0 nanocomposite passed V‐0 UL‐94 rating in the vertical combustion test. However, PET containing 5‐wt% commercial MPP powder (PET/FRC5.0) only showed a LOI of 27.9% and ignited the absorbent cotton with flammable melt‐droplets. Cone results also presented that introducing 1‐wt% MPP nanowires brought about a crucial decrease in fire hazard of PET, for instance, 11.1% and 7.7% maximum reduction in heat release rate and total heat release, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG‐FTIR) result indicated that the main pyrolysis volatiles generated from PET degradation including benzoic acid, aromatic compounds, and carbon dioxide were apparently suppressed after introducing MPP nanowires into PET matrixes, suggesting the outstanding obstructing effect of graphited char residue formed in the combustion. This enhanced flame retardancy rooting in addition of MPP nanowires can be attributed to the combined dilution effect in gaseous phase and catalytic carbonization effect in condensed phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…As expected, EP/BP‐PZN2.0 exhibits lowest absorbance intensity of above volatile products among pure EP and EP/BP‐Bulk2.0 nanocomposites. CO is considered to be the primary toxic substance in the combustion process of EP, and the reduction of CO concentration contributes to decrease smoke toxicity; the decrease of intensities of flammable volatile products such as hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds is beneficial in reducing smoke and heat release, thereby improving the fire safety …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the structural flexibility of P  N units and existence of hydroxyl or amino active groups, cross‐linked PZNs are better choices for surface functionalization, microcapsule material, and reinforcing additives . To illustrate, PZN‐encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (PZMA@APP) with abundant –NH 2 groups was achieved and utilized as an effective flame retardant, as a result, PZN acted a role as reactive compatibilizer, which could facilitate the dispersion of APP in epoxy resin (EP) matrix …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air‐Stable Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Few‐Layer Black Phosphorene for Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2019

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Similar to graphene, few‐layer black phosphorus (BP) features thermal stability, mechanical properties, and characteristic dimension effects, which has potential as a new member of nanofillers for fabricating polymer nanocomposites. Herein, a cross‐linked polyphosphazene‐functionalized BP (BP‐PZN) is developed with abundant –NH2 groups via a one‐pot polycondensation of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene on the surface of BP nanosheets. Whereafter, the resulting BP‐PZN is incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to study the flame‐retardant property and smoke suppression performance. Cone results show that the introduction of 2 wt% BP‐PZN distinctly improves the flame‐retardant property of EP, for instance, 59.4% decrease in peak heat release rate and 63.6% reduction in total heat release. The diffusion of pyrolysis products from EP during combustion is obviously suppressed after incorporating the BP‐PZN nanosheets. Meanwhile, the EP/BP‐PZN nanocomposites exhibit air stability after exposure to ambient conditions for four months. The air stability of the BP nanosheets in EP matrix is assigned to surface wrapping by PZN and embedded in the polymer matrix as dual protection. As a new member of the 2D nanomaterials, BP nanosheets have potential to be a new choice for fabricating high‐performance nanocomposites.

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“…The marked peak at 3,055 cm −1 is the CH stretching vibration of benzene ring. The bands at 1,598 and 1,440 cm −1 are attributed to CC stretching vibration of benzene rings . The PO stretching vibrations appear at 1,152 and 1,058 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The assembly nanohybrid of graphene with lamellar zirconium phenylphosphonate for improving flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polypropylene

et al. 2018

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Zirconium phenylphosphonate (ZrPP) nanoplatelets are decorated on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based on π–π assembly interactions. The structure, composition, and morphology of ZrPP‐RGO assembly nanohybrid are well characterized. The dispersion of graphene in the nonpolar polypropylene (PP) matrix is improved by this modification. The enhancement mechanisms of dispersion in polymer matrix are clearly demonstrated. Significant improvements in flame retardancy and fire safety of PP are obtained by the incorporation of this assembly nanohybrid. Peak heat release rate and total heat release of PP composite containing 2 wt% ZrPP‐RGO assembly nanohybrid decrease by 35.8% and 23.6%, respectively, compared to those of neat PP. The assembly nanohybrid exhibits higher flame‐retardant effect than the counterparts of RGO and ZrPP. Furthermore, storage modulus of PP is greatly improved by this nanohybrid. This work proposes a novel method to prepare graphene‐based organic–inorganic nanohybrid and will expand the application of graphene. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1757–E1765, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Melamine-containing polyphosphazene wrapped ammonium polyphosphate: A novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant

Cited by 275 publications

References 48 publications

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

Flame‐retardant poly (ethylene terephthalate) enabled by a novel melamine polyphosphate nanowire

Air‐Stable Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Few‐Layer Black Phosphorene for Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins

The assembly nanohybrid of graphene with lamellar zirconium phenylphosphonate for improving flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polypropylene

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