The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates an increase in breast cancer worldwide. In Senegal, the most common malignant tumour in women is breast cancer. But also in Senegal as in most African countries, benign tumours occupy an important place in mammary pathologies. To better understand the impact of nucleotide variability and genetic instability of benign and malignant breast tumours, we used the BRAF gene, which is a nuclear gene.This work allowed us to compare the polymorphism, diversity, structure and genetic evolution of exon 15 of the BRAF gene between patients with benign tumours, malignant breast tumours and control subjects. The analysis at the identification of mutation of exon 15 of the BRAF gene led us to conclude that BRAF was mutated in (1.5%) of cases. We observed a synonymous mutation A598A in malignant tumours. Our results showed that somatic mutations of this BRAF gene were common in Senegalese patients with both benign and malignant breast tumours. So our results allowed us to conclude that the BRAF gene is involved in breast tumours.