Meissner-London state in superconductors of rectangular cross section in a perpendicular magnetic field

Prozorov, Ruslan; Giannetta, R. W.; Carrington, A.; Fm, Araujo-Moreira‚

doi:10.1103/physrevb.62.115

Cited by 212 publications

(260 citation statements)

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“…We will touch briefly upon some of these methods, but will restrict most examples in this paper to data taken using a tunnel diode oscillator technique developed over the past several years at the University of Illinois. [46,47,168,169] This is essentially a cavity perturbation technique, albeit at rf frequencies. In the microwave approach [88, Jacobs, 1995#218, Mao, 1995 a very high quality factor cavity is typically driven externally while its in-phase and quadrature response are measured.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors

Prozorov

Giannetta

2006

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

407

438

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Abstract. This topical review summarizes various features of magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors. Precise measurements of the penetration depth as a function of temperature, magnetic field and crystal orientation can provide detailed information about the pairing state. Examples are given of unconventional pairing in hole-and electron-doped cuprates, organic and heavy fermion superconductors. The ability to apply an external magnetic field adds a new dimension to penetration depth measurements. We discuss how field dependent measurements can be used to study surface Andreev bound states, nonlinear Meissner effects, magnetic impurities, magnetic ordering, proximity effects and vortex motion. We also discuss how penetration depth measurements as a function of orientation can be used to explore superconductors with more than one gap and with anisotropic gaps. Details relevant to the analysis of penetration depth data in anisotropic samples are also discussed.Keywords: penetration depth, unconventional superconductivity, pairing symmetry IntroductionThe early suggestion that high temperature superconductors might exhibit unconventional, d-wave pairing, [24,11,154,8] has lead to a wide variety of new experimental probes with sensitivity sufficient to test this hypothesis. The pioneering work of Hardy and coworkers demonstrated that high resolution measurements of the London penetration depth could detect the presence of nodal quasiparticles characteristic of a d-wave pairing state [87]. Since that time, a large number of new superconductors have been discovered, many of which exhibit nontrivial departures from BCS behavior. As we show in this review, penetration depth measurements can be used to examine not only nodal quasiparticles but two-gap superconductivity, anisotropy of the energy gap, Andreev surface states, nonlinear Meissner effect, interplane transport, proximity coupled diamagnetism, vortex matter and the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity, to name several problems of current interest.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more difficult problem is to determine the effective sample dimension by which to normalize the penetration depth in this demagnetizing geometry. A semi-analytical solution for this problem was found for thin slabs by Prozorov et al [168]. The susceptibility is given by, 1 4 1 t a n h 1…”

Section: Penetration Depth In Anisotropic Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors

Prozorov

Giannetta

2006

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

407

438

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“…The geometric constant G depends on the coil and sample volumes, demagnetization and empty coil resonance frequency and is measured directly by extracting the sample from the inductor coil while at base temperature [39]. Figure 1 shows the full temperature range variation of the in-plane London penetration depth, ∆λ(T ), measured in an as -grown (T c = 27 K) and two annealed (T c = 34.8 K) single crystals of SrFe 2 (As 1−x P x ) 2 , x =0.35.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nodal superconductivity in isovalently substituted SrFe2(As1−xPx
Murphy
¹
,
Strehlow
²
,
Cho
³

et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. B
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Temperature-dependent London penetration depth, λ(T ), was measured in optimally -doped, x =0.35, as-grown (Tc ≈25 K, RRR=ρ(300K)/ρ(Tc)=4.5) and annealed (Tc ≈35 K, RRR=6.4) single crystals of SrFe2(As1−xPx)2 iron -based superconductor. Annealing increases the RRR and decreases the absolute value of the London penetration depth from λ(0) = 300 ± 10 nm in as-grown sample to λ(0) = 275 ± 10 nm. At low temperatures, λ(T ) ∼ T indicating superconducting gap with line nodes. Analysis of the full -temperature range superfluid density is consistent with the line nodes, but differs from the simple single -gap d−wave. The observed behavior is very similar to that of BaFe2(As1−xPx)2, showing that isovalently substituted pnictides are inherently different from the charge -doped materials.

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“…The topological features described here were thickness independent above d ≈ 0.5 mm, which indicates that they are not due to surface-related effects. We show data for samples which had demagnetization factors of about N = 0.5 (determined both from initial magnetisation and direct calculations [20].) Quantum Design MPMS magnetometer was used for DC magnetization measurements.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Due to closed topology, the total magnetic flux in such tube is now conserved. The nucleated flux tube is driven by Meissner currents toward sample interior (these currents flow everywhere on the surfaces perpendicular to the magnetic field [20]) until it is stopped at the center or later by other tubes piling up from the center outward. When the flux tube reaches the interior, its radius may increase to minimize the magnetic field energy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Topological hysteresis in the intermediate state of type-I superconductors

et al. 2005

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Magneto-optical imaging of thick stress-free lead samples reveals two distinct topologies of the intermediate state. Flux tubes are formed upon magnetic field penetration (closed topology) and laminar patterns appear upon flux exit (open topology). Two-dimensional distributions of shielding currents were obtained by applying an efficient inversion scheme. Quantitative analysis of the magnetic induction distribution and correlation with magnetization measurements indicate that observed topological differences between the two phases are responsible for experimentally observable magnetic hysteresis.PACS numbers: 74.25. Ha,74.25.Op,89.75.Kd The structure of the intermediate state in type-I superconductors has a long history beginning with the pioneering papers of Landau [1,2] and continuing to the present day [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] Magnetic hysteresis is routinely observed in type-I superconductors and has generally been attributed to impurities, grain boundaries, dislocations and other imperfections of the crystal structure [4]. In this Letter we focus on the relationship between the topology of flux structures and their macroscopic magnetic properties. We find that a small residual hysteresis remains even in the most carefully prepared samples and present evidence that this hysteresis arises from the differences in the topology of the intermediate state between flux entry and flux exit.Samples were prepared from 99.9999% lead [23] foils and rods. More than a dozen samples were prepared by using various annealing protocols or deliberately introducing stress by cold rolling. The most reversible samples were obtained by melting lead between two Pyrex slides.Samples had thickness between d = 0.1 and 1.5 mm and were about 1.5 × 1.5 mm 2 in planar dimension. The topological features described here were thickness independent above d ≈ 0.5 mm, which indicates that they are not due to surface-related effects. We show data for samples which had demagnetization factors of about N = 0.5 (determined both from initial magnetisation and direct calculations [20].) Quantum Design MPMS magnetometer was used for DC magnetization measurements. MO imaging was performed in a pumped flow-type optical 4 He cryostat using Faraday rotation of polarized light in Bi-doped iron-garnet films with in-plane magnetization [15]. In all images the bright regions correspond to the normal state and dark regions to the superconducting state. Figure 1 shows typical magnetization loops for the cold -rolled sample (top panel) and the most reversible sample of similar dimensions (bottom). The stressed sample shows considerably more hysteresis than the stress-free sample. The hysteresis increases for decreasing field in the stressed sample as expected from pinning, whereas the hysteresis disappears approaching H = 0 in the reversible sample, indicating complete Meissner expulsion. In that sample pinning is also absent at larger fields as well. Also shown in Fig.1 are MO images taken at the same temperature and magnetic fields indicated by arrows. The ...

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Meissner-London state in superconductors of rectangular cross section in a perpendicular magnetic field

Cited by 212 publications

References 9 publications

Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors

Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors

Nodal superconductivity in isovalently substituted SrFe2(As1−xPx
Murphy
¹
,
Strehlow
²
,
Cho
³

et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. B
Self Cite
22
9
16
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Topological hysteresis in the intermediate state of type-I superconductors

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Meissner-London state in superconductors of rectangular cross section in a perpendicular magnetic field

Cited by 212 publications

References 9 publications

Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors

Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors

Nodal superconductivity in isovalently substituted SrFe2(As1−xPxMurphy1, Strehlow2, Cho3 et al. 2013Phys. Rev. BSelf Cite229160View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Topological hysteresis in the intermediate state of type-I superconductors

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Nodal superconductivity in isovalently substituted SrFe2(As1−xPx
Murphy
¹
,
Strehlow
²
,
Cho
³

et al. 2013
Phys. Rev. B
Self Cite
22
9
16
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite