MEIOTROPHIC MUTANTS OF Pasteurella Pestis AND THEIR USE IN THE ELUCIDATION OF NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Inhibition of growth of proline‐requiring Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO‐K1) resulting from antagonism by a system amino acids

“…The described inhibition of growth of mammalian cells by amino acids appears in many respects analogous to similar effects studied in bacteria where such inhibitions could be reversed by other amino acids (Gladstone, 1939;Tatum, 1946;Brickson et al, 1948;Rowley, 1953;Mandelstam, 1956;Englesberg and Ingraham, 1957;Kepes and Cohen, 1962;De Felice et al, 1979). In bacterial studies using amino acid auxotrophs cases have been found in which an amino acid inhibition of growth was the result of antagonism at the transport level (Brickson et al, 1948;Mandelstam, 1956;Kepes and Cohen, 1962).…”

Yersinia pestis and Bubonic Plague

“…This phenomenon was first demonstrated by Englesberg (1957a), who isolated rare mutants (termed "meiotrophs") capable of fermenting rhamnose from otherwise typical cells of Y. pestis. Results of similar studies showed that other traits generally absent in Y. pestis including urease, and the ability to assimilate low levels of NH 4 + , synthesize certain amino acids, and ferment melibiose (Table 1) also could be restored by meiotrophic reversion (Brubaker and Sulen, 1971;Englesberg and Ingraham, 1957b). It may be significant that all of these cases involve loss of a chromosomally encoded gene not essential for growth in either the flea vector or mammalian host.…”

“…The bacteria are robust during growth at -26°C and capable of achieving extraordinarily high terminal populations in enriched media (Higuchi and Carlin, 1957). The organisms exhibit a nutritional requirement at 26°C for sulfite, thiosulfate, or Lcysteine as a source of sulfur (Englesberg and Ingraham, 1957b) plus exogenous L-threonine (replaceable by glycine), L-methionine, Lisoleucine, L-valine and L-phenylalanine (Brubaker and Sulen, 1971;Burrows and Gillett, 1966). The need for L-isoleucine, L-valine and Lphenylalanine is not absolute and examination of the sequenced genome may reveal that these lesions reflect loss of regulatory functions.…”

Gene inactivation in Lactococcus lactis: branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis

“…Examples include amino acid and vitamin requirements of various Salmonella species (25), amino acid requirements of Pasteurella pestis (12), amino acid, vitamin, and nucleic acid base requirements of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (4,19) as well as a 12-amino-acid requirement of Lactobacillus casei (34). Inability to use a given carbon source has been particularly well documented in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae with respect to 3-glucosides (for a review, see reference 26).…”