Meiotic studies in species-hybrids of the Solanum nigrum L. complex.

Rao, G. R.

doi:10.1508/cytologia.49.33

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Withania somnifera of 2n=36 considered as a new count and different from that was reported as 2n=48 (Bir and Neelam 1980;Renard et al 1983;Slavik et al 1993;Badr, et al 1997;Sundari et al 1999). The present count chromosome number of Solanum nigrum of 2n=72 was convenient with previously reported counts (Rao and Kumar 1980;Sidhu 1979;Symon 1981;Bir and Sidhu 1979;Probatova and Sokolovskaya 1981;Singh and Roy 1982;Bhiravamurty and Rethy 1983). Solanum nigrum was reported as to have various chromosome counts of 2n=24 and 48 (Kulkarni and Hegde 1983) and 2n=60 (Magulaev 1984).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

2010

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ABSTRACT.Cytogenetical and ecological studies in some species of the Solanaceae were made in the Mediterranean-type ecosystem in Upper Egypt. The chromosome complement of Datura innoxia (2n=24) consisted of 24 median-centromeric chromosomes; that of D. stramonium (2n=24) consisted of 22 median-and two submedian-centromeric chromosomes; that of Hyoscyamus albus (2n=68) consisted of 62 median-and six submedian-centromeric chromosomes, that of H. muticus (2n=28) consisted of 21 median-and seven submedian-centromeric chromosomes; that of Withania somnifera (2n=36; new count) consisted of 27 median-and nine submedian-centromeric chromosomes; and that of Solanum nigrum (2n=72) consists of 68 median and four submedian-centromeric chromosomes. Thirty-three reproducible polymorphic bands were resulted after four RAPD-PCR primers; those bands were used for studying the genetics similarity among the species. Average similarity coeffi cient was ranged from 0.05 to 0.47. RAPD bands resulted after PCR: D. innoxia and D. stramonium showed fi ve bands each; H. albus and H. muticus showed two and one bands respectively; W. somnifera seven bands and S. nigrum showed 13 bands, different patterns were produced among congeneric species. Ionic status of hot water extract of the species revealed that Hyoscyamus species was more accumulated Na + and Ca ++ , while Datura species accumulated more K + and Mg ++ and W. somnifera and S nigrum were intermediate. These strategies of ionic accumulation were in relation to the different chromosome number of species, which might help for surviving the species in desert ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

2010

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“…From the perusal of literature it is apparent that the two species of Withania reported from India, W. somnifera and W. coagulans are polyploid derivatives with basic number x = 12. Such trends of polyploidy are noticeable in various genera belonging to Solanaceae for example Solanum tuberosum [12,19,21,29,31,32], Solanum trilobatum [13,15] and Solanum nigrum [33,34] are the classical examples of polyploidy, though the exact nature of polyploidy (autopolyploidy/allopolyploidy/segmental allopolyploidy) is at variance. Therefore it is concluded that the speciation and species diversification in the genus Withania somnifera was mainly brought out by polyploidy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meiotic Studies in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.: A Threatened Medicinal Herb of Indian Thar Desert

Ram¹,

Kumar²,

Sharma³

et al. 2012

AJPS

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Withania somnifera recently categorized as threatened plant of Rajasthan and known for its high medicinal value has been studied for existing genetic variations in four accessions collected from four different locations. From the present studies it is apparent that the gametic number of W. somnifera is n = 24 and 2n = 48. From the combined information generated by present author and earlier workers, it is tentatively believed that W. somnifera might be of allopolyploid origin with basic number of x = 12. In this case also precocious separation of rod bivalents but not structural hetrozygosity might be the reason for occurrence of univalents. From the detailed meiotic analysis, it is concluded that the species diversification is brought out by polyploidy in W. somnifera. Multidisciplinary approach for genome diagnostics with use of various marker systems might through more light on existing intra-specific genetic variation in W. somnifera

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“…This provides a good source for the study of interrelationships and origin of species. Solanum nigrum is a good example of polyploid complex based on X=12 chromosomes.A good deal of work has already been done to find out the relationships among the species of S. nigrum complex (Chennaveeraiah and Patil 1968, D'Arcy 1974, Edmonds 1977, Khan et al 1977, 1978, 1985, Schilling and Heiser 1979, Rao and Kumar 1984, Ganpathi and Rao 1986 but still the clear picture of the interrelationships among the several members of this complex is to come out. Therefore, the cytogenetical investigation has been carried out to find out the interrelationship between S. opacum and Sm furcatum of S .…”

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Crossability and genomic relationship of some species of Solanum nigrum complex.

Beg

Khan

1989

CYTOLOGIA

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The most taxonomically perplexing type of plant group is the polyploid complex (Stebbins 1938). In such a complex species have mostly common morphological features besides the closely similar genomes. This provides a good source for the study of interrelationships and origin of species. Solanum nigrum is a good example of polyploid complex based on X=12 chromosomes.A good deal of work has already been done to find out the relationships among the species of S. nigrum complex (Chennaveeraiah and Patil 1968, D'Arcy 1974, Edmonds 1977, Khan et al. 1977, 1978, 1985, Schilling and Heiser 1979, Rao and Kumar 1984, Ganpathi and Rao 1986 but still the clear picture of the interrelationships among the several members of this complex is to come out. Therefore, the cytogenetical investigation has been carried out to find out the interrelationship between S. opacum and Sm furcatum of S . nigrum complex. Materials and methodsThe seeds of Solanum opacum were obtained from Dr. J. M. Edmonds, Cu. Botany School, University of Cambridge, England and the seeds of Solanum furcatum were obtained from the collection maintained by the Department of Botany, A. M. U., Aligarh.Reciprocal cross pollinations were made between these two species. For meiotic studies, fl ower buds were fixed in Carnoy's fluid for 20 minutes, then kept for 24 hours in propionic alcohol (1:3), saturated with ferric acetate powder and finally stored in 70 per cent alcohol. Meiosis was studied by simple propionocarmine squashes of pollen mother cells (Swaminathan et al. 1954). The temporary slides were made permanent by butyl alcohol schedule (Bhaduri and Ghosh 1954). The pollen fertility was determined by observing the number of pollen grains stained with 1 per cent acetocarmine. Those pollen grains which took stain and had regular outline were taken as fertile pollens and empty, unstained or poorly stained ones were taken as sterile. The size of pollen grains was estimated by measuring its diameter with the help of ocular micro-meter scale and the ocular divisions were converted into microns for determing the size of pollen grains. The pollen grains were collected from five different samples. ObservationsA statistical comparison of the morphological characters of the two species showed con sistant differences with respect to several characters such as habit of plants, colour of berry and size of leaf ( Fig. 1 and Table 1).Fifty cross pollinations were made between S. furcatum and S. opacum using S. furcatum as pistillate parent. Out of these only 18 mature fruits with a total number of 63 seeds were obtained.All the seeds were sown but the germination was only 31.74 per cent. Fifty re ciprocal crosses were made which gave 20 mature fruits with 80 seeds. The percentage of germination was 32.50. The hybrids of reciprocal crosses were morphologically similar. A

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Meiotic studies in species-hybrids of the Solanum nigrum L. complex.

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

Meiotic Studies in <i>Withania somnifera</i> (L.) Dunal.: A Threatened Medicinal Herb of Indian Thar Desert

Crossability and genomic relationship of some species of Solanum nigrum complex.

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Meiotic studies in species-hybrids of the Solanum nigrum L. complex.

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

Meiotic Studies in &lt;i&gt;Withania somnifera&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Dunal.: A Threatened Medicinal Herb of Indian Thar Desert

Crossability and genomic relationship of some species of Solanum nigrum complex.

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Meiotic Studies in <i>Withania somnifera</i> (L.) Dunal.: A Threatened Medicinal Herb of Indian Thar Desert