Meiosis and reproductive strategy in the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)

Stille, Bo; Dåvring, Lars

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01720.x

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 no 219/224 219/224 (84) a The segregation for the two alleles in the males does not differ significantly from the expected 1 : 1( pO0.05). is typically apomictic and differs from parthenogenesisinduced Wolbachia systems in parasitoids where diploidy is restored through automixis resulting in homozygous females in a single generation (Stille & Dävring 1980;Stouthamer & Kazmer 1994;Gottlieb et al 2002;Pannebakker et al 2004). This is, therefore, a new cytogenetic mechanism of parthenogenesis induced by endosymbiotic bacteria in Hymenoptera.…”

Section: Results (A) Allele Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We suggest a future comparison of their mechanism with that of thelytokous N. formosa in detail. In all the cases established within the Hymenoptera to date, bacterial infection by Wolbachia results in gamete duplication for the restoration of diploidy (Stille & Dävring 1980;Stouthamer & Kazmer 1994;Gottlieb et al 2002;Pannebakker et al 2004). This mechanism has been thought to be functionally restricted to haplodiploid systems (Stouthamer 1997;Stouthamer et al 1999), because many species with a haplodiploid sex determination routinely inbreed.…”

Section: Results (A) Allele Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new cytogenetic mechanism for bacterial endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis in Hymenoptera

2008

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Vertically transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia, Cardinium and Rickettsia, modify host reproduction in several ways to facilitate their own spread. One such modification results in parthenogenesis induction, where males, which are unable to transmit the bacteria, are not produced. In Hymenoptera, the mechanism of diploidization due to Wolbachia infection, known as gamete duplication, is a post-meiotic modification. During gamete duplication, the meiotic mechanism is normal, but in the first mitosis the anaphase is aborted. The two haploid sets of chromosomes do not separate and thus result in a single nucleus containing two identical sets of haploid chromosomes. Here, we outline an alternative cytogenetic mechanism for bacterial endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis in Hymenoptera. During female gamete formation in Rickettsia-infected Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) parasitoids, meiotic cells undergo only a single equational division followed by the expulsion of a single polar body. This absence of meiotic recombination and reduction corresponds well with a non-segregation pattern in the offspring of heterozygous females. We conclude that diploidy in N. formosa is maintained through a functionally apomictic cloning mechanism that differs entirely from the mechanism induced by Wolbachia.

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Section: Results (A) Allele Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results (A) Allele Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new cytogenetic mechanism for bacterial endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis in Hymenoptera

2008

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“…In addition, diploid males have never been found in the genus Encarsia where the occurrence of haploid males is the rule in all sexual species studied so far (Hunter et al, 1993;Baldanza et al, 1999). Aside from our findings in E. hispida, only two examples of diploid males are known in the hymenopteran groups where the genetic mechanism of single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD) is absent (Stille and Darving, 1980;Dobson and Tanouye, 1998). In sl-CSD groups, diploid males arise from inbreeding due to homozygosity at the sex locus; heterozygous and hemizygous individuals are females and males, respectively (van Wilgenburg et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In the non-CSD bisexual Nasonia vitripennis (Chalcidoidea) diploid males may be produced following mutagenesis (Whiting, 1960;Trent et al, 2006). In the other example, diploid males have been recorded in the thelytokous gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (Cynipoidea) (Stille and Darving, 1980) where homozygous parthenogenesis is associated with Wolbachia infection (van Meer et al, 1999). To our knowledge, however, in PI-Wolbachia-infected wasps, there are no studies of antibiotic curing and diploidy restoration that have performed cytogenetic analyses to reveal the ploidy level of the males produced by cured females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminization and the collapse of haplodiploidy in an asexual parasitoid wasp harboring the bacterial symbiont Cardinium

Giorgini¹,

Monti²,

Caprio

et al. 2009

Heredity

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Cardinium is a bacterial symbiont infecting many species of arthropods, and is associated with manipulation of host reproduction. Cardinium is the causal agent of asexual reproduction, or thelytoky, in the chalcidoid parasitoid wasp Encarsia hispida. Feeding antibiotics to the infected adult females results in uninfected male offspring. Here, we show that these males are diploid. Diploid males are extremely unusual in the large hymenopteran superfamily Chalcidoidea, and, to our knowledge, have never before been associated with symbiont infection in this group. These findings indicate that at least in E. hispida, diploidy restoration is a necessary condition but not sufficient to elicit female development. Cardinium is required to feminize diploid male embryos and thus must interact with elements of the host sex determination system. In addition, our data suggest that Cardinium is necessary for the fertility of E. hispida; antibiotic curing of Cardinium reduces offspring production of adult females.

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“…The resulting males however are not always fully functional. While in some species the resulting males seem to be fully functional [45], in others males lack the ability to produce sperm [48] or court females [49]. In still other cases, some sperm are produced, stored within females, but are not competent for fertilization [36].…”

Section: Parthenogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Wolbachia Symbiosis in Arthropods

Clark¹

2007

Issues in Infectious Diseases

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Wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular bacteria found within the cytoplasm of a high proportion of arthropods. Widespread in insects, Wolbachia is also commonly found in other arthropod groups, including mites, spiders and terrestrial isopods. Wolbachia are normally maternally inherited and have evolved a number of strategies to ensure transmission. These include: (1) feminization, the conversion of genetic males into females, (2) parthenogenesis, the production of diploid offspring without sexual reproduction, (3) male killing, the killing of infected males to the benefit of infected female siblings, and (4) cytoplasmic incompatibility, the inability of infected males to successfully fertilize eggs from either uninfected females or females infected with different Wolbachia types. In addition to this reproductive parasitism, Wolbachia can influence other aspects of host fitness, including host longevity, fecundity, fertility and host-parasitoid interactions. Wolbachia has been studied extensively in the context of host spermatogenesis, oogenesis and embryogenesis. These cytological studies of host-Wolbachia interactions are providing insights into the ways in which Wolbachia are able to manipulate hosts.

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Meiosis and reproductive strategy in the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

A new cytogenetic mechanism for bacterial endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis in Hymenoptera

A new cytogenetic mechanism for bacterial endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis in Hymenoptera

Feminization and the collapse of haplodiploidy in an asexual parasitoid wasp harboring the bacterial symbiont Cardinium

Wolbachia Symbiosis in Arthropods

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