Meiosis and Its Implications in the Life Cycles of Amblyospora and Parathelohania (Microspora)

Hazard, Edwin I.; Andreadis, Theodore G.; Joslyn, D. J.; Ellist, E. A.

doi:10.2307/3280215

Cited by 53 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In doing so, one may also want to consider which host is definitive. In this instance, for example, since meiosis, karyogamy, and diploid development occur within the mosquito (4,5,7,18) and development within the copepod appears to be haploid, the mosquito should be considered the definitive host and thus these microsporidia should be retained within the genus Amblyospora. However, Pyrotheca Hesse, 1935, was established prior to Amblyospora Hazard and Oldacre, 1975, and therefore may take precedence according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All members are transovarially transmitted and have two developmental cycles, one usually but not always in each host sex. Each cycle produces a different spore: (i) a thin-walled binucleated one that infects the ovaries of adult females and is responsible for transovarial transmission and (ii) a thick-walled uninucleated one, termed meiospore, that infects fat body tissue of larvae and kills the host but is not infectious to mosquitoes (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has long been suspected (4,5,(7)(8)(9)(10)) that meiospores of these microsporidia, which abound in larval hosts but do not infect mosquitoes, might be infectious to another host and subsequently develop into an infective stage that was transmissible to mosquitoes. Successful transmission of a microsporidian pathogen from mosquitoes to another host has recently been achieved by Sweeney et al (11), who report that meiospores of an Amblyospora species from an Australian mosquito, Culex annulirostris Skuse are infectious to a copepod (phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea) host and that another spore is formed in this host that in turn infects larval mosquitoes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental transmission of a microsporidian pathogen from mosquitoes to an alternate copepod host.

Andreadis¹

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Meiospores of a microsporidian parasite Amblyospora sp. (Protozoa: Microspora) from larval Aedes cantator mosquitoes were directly infectious to an alternate copepod host, Acanthocyclops vernalis (Arthropoda: Crustacea). Infections ranged from 6.7% to 60.0% in laboratory tests when meiospores and copepods were maintained together for 10-30 days in filtered water from the breeding site or in a balanced salt solution. Pathogen development takes place within host adipose tissue and is fatal to the copepod. The entire developmental sequence of this microsporidian in the copepod is unikaryotic and there is no ultrastructural evidence of a sexual cycle or a restoration of the diploid condition in the alternate host. Single uninucleated spores similar to those previously described for the genus Pyrotheca are formed. Results demonstrate that haploid meiospores of Amblyospora from mosquitoes have the function of transmitting the pathogen to another host and that members of this genus are polymorphic and have at least three distinct developmental cycles, each producing a different spore.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental transmission of a microsporidian pathogen from mosquitoes to an alternate copepod host.

Andreadis¹

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…parasite de Culex salinarius par Andreadis et Hall (1979), chez Baculea daphniae par Loubes (1979a), chez des Amblyospora et Parathelohania spp. de Culex salinarius et d'Anopheles bradleyi par Hazard et al ( 1979), enfin chez Amblyospora sp. parasite de Aedes cantator par Andreadis ( 1983).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Pathogénie, cycle de développement et ultrastructure d'Amblyospora culicis n. sp. (Protozoa, Microspora), parasite du moustique Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae)

Toguebaye¹,

Marchand²

1985

Can. J. Zool.

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R e p le I 1 septembre 1984 TOGUEBAYE, B. S., et B. MARCHAND. 1985. Pathogenie, cycle de developpement et ultrastructure d'Amblyospora culicis n. sp. (Protozoa, Microspora), parasite du moustique Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae). Can. J. Zool. 63: 1797 -1809. Amblyospora culicis n. sp. est une nouvelle microsporidie parasite du moustique Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae). Elle infeste les tissus adipeux et nerveux de larves et d'adultes des deux sexes, ainsi que les ovaires des femelles adultes. Les merontes observes presentent alternativement un, puis deux, diplocaryons constitues de noyaux diploi'des. La sporogonie est pansporoblastique et octosporee. Des merontes a un diplocaryon se transforment d'abord en presporontes entoures d'une paroi. Puis la membrane plasmique du presporonte se decolle de la paroi, realisant ainsi une vacuole pansporoblastique. Le presporonte s'entoure d'une nouvelle paroi, devenant ainsi un sporonte. Ses deux noyaux se separent, puis son cytoplasme se divise pour former deux sporontes uninuclees. Chacun d'eux subit alors deux divisions meiotiques. I1 en resulte la formation de huit sporontes uninuclees et haploi'des, qui evoluent en sporoblastes, puis en spores. Les spores sont ovoi'des, uninuclCCes et haploi'des (8,55 + 0,13 X 6,46 + 0,08 pm). Elles sont entourees par une paroi dont l'exospore est Cpaisse et complexe, et posskdent un filament polaire presentant une brusque constriction dans sa partie spiralee. TOGUEBAYE, B. S., and B. MARCHAND. 1985. Pathogenie, cycle de developpement et ultrastructure d'Amblyospora culicis n. sp. (Protozoa, Microspora), parasite du moustique Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae). Can. J. Zool. 63: 1797-1809. Amblyospora culicis n. sp. is a new microsporidian parasite of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae). It infects the adipose and nervous tissues of male and female larvae and adults, as well as the ovaries of adult females. The observed meronts have, in turn, one, then two diplokaryons constituted of diploid nuclei. The sporogony is pansporoblastic and octosporous. At first, diplokariotic meronts transform into diplokaryotic presporonts bounded by a wall. Then, the plasma membrane of the presporont detaches itself from the wall, thus creating a pansporoblastic vacuole. A new wall appears around the presporont which thus becomes a sporont. Its two nuclei separate from each other, then the cytoplasm divides to form two uninucleate sporonts. Each then undergoes two meiotic divisions which end in the formation of eight uninucleate and haploid sporonts. These sporonts evolve into sporoblasts, then into spores. The spores are ovoid, uninucleate, and haploid (8.55 ? 0.13 X 6.46 ? 0.08 pm). They are bounded by a wall having a thick multilayered exospore and contain a polar filament abruptly constricted in its coiled part.

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“…Recent studies at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Gainesville, Florida, laboratory have shown that these infections cannot persist in natural mosquito populations through transovarial transmission alone. Cytogenetic studies have demonstrated that sporonts of AmbZyospopa~ PaPatheZohania~ and possibly other genera undergo meiotic divisions that give rise to haploid spores (Hazard et al, 1979). This phenomenon highlights the difference between these vertically transmitted microspordia and those microsporidia that are readily transmitted per os (horizontal transmission) such as Nosema aZgepae and Vavpaia cuZieis.…”

Section: Bacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Research on Biological Agents for the Control of Mosquitoes

Anthony

1984

Pathogens of Invertebrates

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Meiosis and Its Implications in the Life Cycles of Amblyospora and Parathelohania (Microspora)

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental transmission of a microsporidian pathogen from mosquitoes to an alternate copepod host.

Experimental transmission of a microsporidian pathogen from mosquitoes to an alternate copepod host.

Pathogénie, cycle de développement et ultrastructure d'Amblyospora culicis n. sp. (Protozoa, Microspora), parasite du moustique Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae)

Status of Research on Biological Agents for the Control of Mosquitoes

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