Meiji sediment tongue: North Pacific evidence for limited movement between the Pacific and North American plates

Scholl, David W.; Hein, James R.; Marlow, Michael S.; Buffington, Edwin C.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1567:mstnpe>2.0.co;2

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…5). Stations 8 and 9 are located on the Meiji drift, a sediment tongue consisting of claysized fluvial-derived debris from the Bering Sea originating from continental material in Alaska and Siberia (Scholl et al, 1977;van de Flierdt et al, 2003;VanLaningham et al, 2009). This continental material probably has a similar geochemical signature to eolian dust and could therefore lead to the overestimation of the dust component.…”

Section: Local Uncertainties In the Lithogenic Component Deconvolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific

Serno

Winckler

Anderson

et al. 2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Eolian dust is a significant source of iron and other nutrients that are essential for the health of marine ecosystems and potentially a controlling factor of the high nutrient-low chlorophyll status of the Subarctic North Pacific. We map the spatial distribution of dust input using three different geochemical tracers of eolian dust, 4 He, 232 Th and rare earth elements, in combination with grain size distribution data, from a set of core-top sediments covering the entire Subarctic North Pacific. Using the suite of geochemical proxies to fingerprint different lithogenic components, we deconvolve eolian dust input from other lithogenic inputs such as volcanic ash, ice-rafted debris, riverine and hemipelagic input. While the open ocean sites far away from the volcanic arcs are dominantly composed of pure eolian dust, lithogenic components other than eolian dust play a more crucial role along the arcs. In sites dominated by dust, eolian dust input appears to be characterized by a nearly uniform grain size mode at ∼4 μm.Applying the 230 Th-normalization technique, our proxies yield a consistent pattern of uniform dust fluxes of 1-2 g/m 2 /yr across the Subarctic North Pacific. Elevated eolian dust fluxes of 2-4 g/m 2 /yr characterize the westernmost region off Japan and the southern Kurile Islands south of 45 • N and west of 165 • E along the main pathway of the westerly winds. The core-top based dust flux reconstruction is consistent with recent estimates based on dissolved thorium isotope concentrations in seawater from the Subarctic North Pacific. The dust flux pattern compares well with state-of-the-art dust model predictions in the western and central Subarctic North Pacific, but we find that dust fluxes are higher than modeled fluxes by 0.5-1 g/m 2 /yr in the northwest, northeast and eastern Subarctic North Pacific. Our results provide an important benchmark for biogeochemical models and a robust approach for downcore studies testing dust-induced iron fertilization of past changes in biological productivity in the Subarctic North Pacific.

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Section: Local Uncertainties In the Lithogenic Component Deconvolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific

Serno

Winckler

Anderson

et al. 2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…The ratio of island-arc to upper con tinental crustal material increases from about 1.8 to 2.7. The decrease in the amount of upper continental crustal material is compensated for by an increase in the biosiliceous component (roughly 21% to 32%), and this compensation probably explains the monotonous sedimenta tion rates inferred by Scholl et al (1977). These authors considered that the Miocene to modern sediments constitute the important Meiji sedi ment tongue.…”

Section: Dsdp Hole 436mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical history of sediments in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Bailey¹

1993

Geochem. J.

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“…The Meiji Tongue progrades 2000 km south along the east side of the northern Emperor Seamounts, occasionally spilling over to the west through the deeper passages between the seamounts (Scholl et al, 1977;Damuthetal., 1983;Mammerickx, 1985). The source of the Meiji deposit seems to be the southwestern Bering Sea and Komandordskaya Basin (between the Shirshov Ridge and Kamchatka Peninsula) via a deep passage at the western extreme of the Aleutian Islands between the Komandorskiye Islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula.…”

Section: Background and Scientific Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During DSDPLeg 19, one site (Site 192) was drilled on the upper portion of the swell, on Meiji Seamount, where thick pelagic and hemipelagic deposits were encountered (Creager, Scholl, et al, 1973). Scholl et al (1977) provided the first detailed description of the Meiji Drift deposit, based upon seismic-reflection profiles and the Leg 19 findings at Meiji Seamount. The Meiji Drift in the Northwest Pacific Ocean is a sedimentary deposit on the northeastern side of the northernmost Emperor Seamount chain that is more than 800 km long and about 350 km wide, between 300-m isopachs.…”

Section: The Meiji Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deposit is up to 1800 m thick at its northwestern end at the Kamchatka Strait and thins to the southeast. Scholl et al (1977) noted a clear link of the mineral component in the Miocene and younger deposits of Meiji Seamount to the same material at Site 191 in the Komandorski Basin and to Siberian source regions. They concluded that the Kamchatka Current that flows south through the deep Kamchatka Strait transports Siberian terrigenous materials to the northwestern Pacific Ocean, forming deposits both northeast of the northern Emperor Seamounts, the Meiji Drift, and along the base of the Kamchatka-Kuril continental margin.…”

Section: The Meiji Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site 884

1993

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Beginning at 0900 hr on 24 August, we pulled up the drill pipe to the seafloor, offset 20 m, and began piston coring in Hole 884C; Core 145-884C-1H was recovered at about noon that day. Hole 884C was continued to a depth of 357.8 mbsf with 82.3% recovery to duplicate the upper portion of the section and to fill in the coring gaps left in Hole 884B. We were largely successful in achieving these objectives. Hole 884D, consisting of two APC cores extending 0 to 14.8 mbsf with 94.1% recovery, was intended for continuous sampling to determine paleointensity variations of Earth's magnetic field. Drilling was completed late in the evening of 25 August. On 26 August, the drill pipe was pulled up and the bit and BHA changed for rotary drilling; Hole 884E was washed down to 842.8 mbsf, and basalt drilling began at 0600 hr on 27 August. The last basalt core, 145-884E-10R, was recovered at about 0300 hr on 29 August; 87 m of basalt had been penetrated in 45 hr with a recovery of 66.78 m (76.8%). Logging operations followed on 29 and 30 August. Logging was hindered by a bridge at about 750 mbsf, presumably a swelling ash layer, but all five tool systems (the geochemical tool, formation microscanner, Quad combo, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetometer tools) made reasonably to completely successful runs above that depth. Logging operations were completed about 0545 hr on 31 August. Both beacons returned to the surface upon command, so for the first time during Leg 145 no unintended metal was left behind at the drill site. The JO1DES Resolution started southeast toward proposed Site NW-4A just before 1300 hr later the same day.Drilling at Site 884 penetrated 854 m of Cenozoic sediment and 87 m of the underlying basalt. The sediment column was divided into two main lithologic units, each with subunits. Lithologic Subunit IA (0-128 mbsf) is a Quaternary to upper Pliocene clay with diatoms. Vitric ash layers, some more than 1 m in thickness, and a few dropstones occur in this unit. .2 mbsf) is an upper Pliocene to upper Miocene clayey diatom ooze. A pure dolomite concretion occurs at 172 mbsf, and a piece of wood approximately 6 cm across is found at 214 mbsf in sediments of early Pliocene age. Lithologic Subunit IC (440.2-546.1 mbsf) is an upper Miocene to middle Miocene claystone with accessory diatoms and some chalk. Bladed and twinned crystals of native copper occur within the gray claystones of Subunit IC. Subunit ID (546.1-604.8 mbsf) is a middle Miocene to lower Miocene diatomite with clay. Unit II is differentiated from the overlying materials by the clear presence of reworked materials. Subunit .7 mbsf) is a lower Miocene to lower Oligocene claystone with minor chalk. This subunit shows evidence of downslope reworking and contains native copper as discrete grains. Subunit HB (694.7-771 mbsf) is an upper Eocene claystone conglomerate. Diatoms are no longer present in this part of the section, which is dominated by downslope reworking. Ash layers are present in the lower part of this subunit. Subunit HC (771-854 mbsf) is...

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Meiji sediment tongue: North Pacific evidence for limited movement between the Pacific and North American plates

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific

Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific

Geochemical history of sediments in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Site 884

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