Megasphaera cerevisiae sp. nov.: A New Gram-negative Obligately Anaerobic Coccus Isolated from Spoiled Beer

Engelmann, U.; Weiss, Norbert

doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(85)80033-3

Cited by 71 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been report that cadaverine or putrescine is covalently linked to a peptidoglycan in Selenomonas ruminantium (Kamio et al, 1981a, b), Selenomonas lacticifex (Schleifer et al, 1990), Megasphaera elsdenii and Veillonella parvula (Kamio, 1987;Kamio and Nakamura, 1987), and some species of Sporomusa, Acidaminococcus, Pectinatus and Zymophilus (Engelmann and Weiss, 1985;Schleifer et al, 1990;Stackebrandt et al, 1985). However, in the previous studies, a main polyamine component was only analyzed by rough chromatographies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Covalently linked polyamines in the cell wall peptidoglycan of Selenomonas, Anaeromusa, Dendrosporobacter, Acidaminococcus and Anaerovibrio belonging to the Sporomusa subbranch.

Hamana

Saito

Okada

et al. 2002

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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We previously reported ionic binding cellular polyamines extracted into 0.5 M perchrolic acid (PCA) and total polyamines detected in 6 M HCl-hydrolysate of the whole cells in various anaerobes with Gramnegative cell walls, belonging to the Sporomusa subbranch (Sporomusa-Pectinatus-Selenomonas phyletic group) (Hamana, 1999). The occurrence of covalently linked putrescine and/or cadaverine in cell wall, nonextractable with 0.5 M PCA from cells, was suggested within the major members of this subbranch, viz. the genera Acetonema, Sporomusa, Megasphaera, Selenomonas, Veillonella, Pectinatus, Dialister, Acidaminococcus, Zymophilus, and Anaerovibrio (Hamana, 1999). Furthermore, a part of cellular spermidine of Selenomonas dianae, Selenomonas infelix, and Acidaminococcus fermentans was not extracted with 0.5 M PCA from the cells, suggesting the occurrence of covalently linked spermidine in their cell walls (Hamana, 1999). In the present study, cell wall peptidoglycan was prepared from seven Selenomonas species, Acidaminococcus fermentance, Anaerovibrio lipolyticus (formerly Anaerovibrio lipolytica) and two newly validated species, Anaeromusa acidaminophila (formerly Selenomonas acidaminophila) (Baena et al., 1999) and Dendrosporobacter quercicolus (formerly Clostridium quercicolum) (Stompl et al., 2000) phylogenetically located in the Sporomusa subbranch.The organisms were grown anaerobically in the anaerobic culture medium, GAM broth (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan), at 37°C. Peptidoglycan was prepared by two procedures, SDS-Trypsin method and SDS-Amylase method, according to Braun and Sieglin (1970) and Kamio et al. (1981b), respectively. Hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan fraction with 6 M HCl at 110°C for 20 h was carried out before high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an Hitachi L6000 high-speed liquid chromatograph as described previously (Hamana, 1994). Agmatine was identified by alkaline hydrolysis with 1 M NaOH at 110°C for 20 h to convert agmatine into putrescine. PCA extractable polyamines from whole cells and polyamines in the 6 M HCl-hydrolysates of cellresidues (after five-fold extractions with 0.5 M PCA until polyamines were not detected in the PCA extracts) (Hamana, 1999), were also determined in the organisms.PCA-soluble cellular polyamines (PCA) and released polyamines by the acid hydrolysis from the cell residue after the PCA-extract (HCl-Res) estimated per wet cell weight are shown in

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confidence: 87%

Covalently linked polyamines in the cell wall peptidoglycan of Selenomonas, Anaeromusa, Dendrosporobacter, Acidaminococcus and Anaerovibrio belonging to the Sporomusa subbranch.

Hamana

Saito

Okada

et al. 2002

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Genus Megasphaera, originally described by Rogosa [98], consists of five validly published species; M. elsdenii [98], M. cerevisiae [99], M. micronuciformis [84], M. paucivorans and M. sueciensis [77]. Megasphaera species have been isolated from a variety of different environments such as human clinical specimens, rumen gut flora and brewery environments [84] [100].…”

Section: Megasphaeramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present the genus Megasphaera is comprised of three brewery associated species. Megasphaeracerevisiae [99] was the first brewery associated species, mainly representing low-alcohol beer spoiling cocci. M. cerevisiae was responsible for 3% -7% of beer spoilage cases in Europe during the period 1980 to 2002, mainly in unpasteurised beer [93].…”

Section: Megasphaeramentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Gram Negative Bacteria in Brewing

Ashtavinayak¹,

Elizabeth²

2016

AiM

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Gram negative aerobic bacteria such as Acetic Acid Bacteria, which include Acetobacter and Gluconobacter, have historically caused significant problems to brewers. Although incidences of spoilage have recently reduced as a result of improvements in beer packaging, these bacteria are still a concern in dispense systems in pub breweries, public houses and cask conditioned beers. Gram negative facultative bacteria of the genus Zymomonas can spoil primed cask conditioned beer and cider. There is a wide range of Enterobacteraeceace which are found within brewery environments and they serve as indicator microorganisms for hygiene and sanitation. Gram negative strictly anaerobic bacteria such as Pectinatus and Megasphaera have recently emerged as a significant threat due to the improvement in reduction of oxygen levels in beer and an increase in production of unpasteurised beer. Pectinatus and Megasphaera are sensitive to routine cleaning agents used in breweries, but they can survive and proliferate in biofilms eventually causing spoilage of beer. This review focuses on Gram negative aerobic, facultative anaerobic and strictly anaerobic brewery related spoilage bacteria.

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“…Species and strains used in this study are shown in Table I. Pectinatus and Megasphaera were maintained on PYF agar (peptone-yeast extract-fructose) 12 and Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species were maintained using MRS agar (Oxoid) 10 . Working cultures were obtained by inoculating 10 µL of pure culture onto the specified agar plates and incubating in anaerobic conditions under an atmosphere of N 2 :H 2 :CO 2 (80:10:10) using a Don Whitley Mac-500 anaerobic cabinet for 4 days at 30°C.…”

Section: Pure Cultures and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spoilage effects of M. cerevisiae include turbidity and unpleasant odour, due to production of H 2 S and short chain fatty acids. All Megasphaera species related to the brewery environment are strictly anaerobic, Gram negative, non-spore forming and non-motile 12,25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Pectinatus and Megasphaera in the Major UK Breweries

Paradh

Mitchell

Hill

2011

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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The occurrence of beer spoilage bacteria belonging to the genera Pectinatus and Megasphaera in ten major UK breweries was investigated. The sampling points were selected from fermentation areas, beer conditioning areas and beer bottling and canning sites. Multiplex PCR methodology was used for detection of three Pectinatus and three Megasphaera species using speciesspecific primers. The presence of six Lactobacillus species was also examined. Overall, 117 samples were analysed from ten breweries; six samples were positive for the presence of Pectinatus species and three samples were positive for the presence of Megasphaera species, while 34 samples were positive for the presence of Lactobacillus species. Lactobacillus species appeared to be the major potential spoilage microorganisms. Although none of the actual beer samples were found to be positive for Pectinatus and Megasphaera species, their occurrence in aerobic brewery environments indicates sanitation problems and revealed the presence of highly established biofilms in some breweries.

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Megasphaera cerevisiae sp. nov.: A New Gram-negative Obligately Anaerobic Coccus Isolated from Spoiled Beer

Cited by 71 publications

References 8 publications

Covalently linked polyamines in the cell wall peptidoglycan of Selenomonas, Anaeromusa, Dendrosporobacter, Acidaminococcus and Anaerovibrio belonging to the Sporomusa subbranch.

Covalently linked polyamines in the cell wall peptidoglycan of Selenomonas, Anaeromusa, Dendrosporobacter, Acidaminococcus and Anaerovibrio belonging to the Sporomusa subbranch.

Review: Gram Negative Bacteria in Brewing

Occurrence of Pectinatus and Megasphaera in the Major UK Breweries

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