Mega fire emissions in Siberia: potential supply of bioavailable iron from forests to the ocean

Ito, Akinori

doi:10.5194/bg-8-1679-2011

Cited by 59 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…1). The model has been thoroughly described and evaluated in previous studies (Rotman et al 2004;Liu et al 2005;Feng and Penner 2007;Ito et al 2007aIto et al , 2009Ito and Feng 2010;Ito 2011). Below, the model is briefly described.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary aerosol and precursor gases emissions data set compiled by Dentener et al (2006) is used for the simulations, except for the combustiongenerated BC/OM/IM aerosols such as biomass and fossil fuels burning (Ito andPenner 2004, 2005;Ito et al 2007b). The model is driven by assimilated meteorological fields for the year 2001 from the Goddard Earth Observation System (GEOS) of the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation O‰ce (GMAO).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iron supplied from open vegetation fires, especially fires that inject the smoke particles above the planetary boundary layer, may contribute to a significant deposition of soluble iron (20-40%) in downwind regions over the western North Pacific Ocean, compared to dust sources with no atmospheric processing by acidic species (Ito 2011). In a future warmer and drier climate, catastrophic forest fires may become more frequent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting the Effect of Iron Mobilization on Soluble Iron Deposition to the Ocean in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Ito

2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This study extends a comprehensive modeling study by Ito and Feng to investigate the e¤ect of iron mobilization in size-segregated particles on soluble iron deposition to the open ocean using a global aerosol chemistry transport model. The iron dissolution from relatively insoluble iron in mineral aerosols due to chemical reactions with acidic species is calculated from the online simulation of our aerosol chemistry model. In addition, the iron from combustion sources such as biomass and fossil fuels burning is readily released into solutions in aerosols assuming constant iron solubility (i.e., the mass fraction of dissolved to total iron). The simulation results indicate that fine particles play a major role in soluble iron supply to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans in the Northern Hemisphere (70-100%) due to acid mobilization. In significant portions of the Southern Ocean, in contrast, the amount of acidic trace gases is not high enough to promote the iron dissolution in the fine aerosols. Consequently, coarse particles are important source of soluble iron in the South Atlantic Ocean (40-60%) downwind of regions from Patagonian desert in South America. The model response of soluble iron deposition to perturbation by iron solubility suggests that large fires may supply a potentially important source of soluble iron to the open ocean, compared to dust.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting the Effect of Iron Mobilization on Soluble Iron Deposition to the Ocean in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Ito

2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…On a global scale, the large variability in the observed fractional iron solubility results, in part, from a mixture of different aerosol sources. Estimates of fractional iron solubility from fire combustion (1-60 %) are thought to be greater than those originating from mineral dust (1-2 %; Chuang et al, 2005;Guieu et al, 2005;Sedwick et al, 2007) and may vary in relation to biomass and fire characteristics as well as that of the underlying terrain (Paris et al, 2010;Ito, 2011). Iron associated with BB may provide information with respect to BB inputs of iron to the ocean (Giglio et al, 2013;e.g.…”

Section: Biomass Burning Aerosol Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass burning emissions in north Australia during the early dry season: an overview of the 2014 SAFIRED campaign

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) campaign took place from 29 May until 30 June 2014 at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in the Northern Territory, Australia. The purpose of this campaign was to investigate emissions from fires in the early dry season in northern Australia. Measurements were made of biomass burning aerosols, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic carbons, greenhouse gases, radon, speciated atmospheric mercury and trace metals. Aspects of the biomass burning aerosol emissions investigated included; emission factors of various species, physical and chemical aerosol properties, aerosol aging, micronutrient supply to the ocean, nucleation, and aerosol water uptake. Over the course of the month-long campaign, biomass burning signals were prevalent and emissions from several large single burning events were observed at ATARS.Biomass burning emissions dominated the gas and aerosol concentrations in this region. Dry season fires are extremely frequent and widespread across the northern region of Australia, which suggests that the measured aerosol and gaseous emissions at ATARS are likely representative of signals across the entire region of north Australia. Air mass forward trajectories show that these biomass burning emissions are carried north-west over the Timor Sea and could influence the atmosphere over Indonesia and the tropical atmosphere over the Indian Ocean. Here we present characteristics of the biomass burning observed at the sampling site and provide an overview of the more specific outcomes of the SAFIRED campaign.

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“…The term megafire originally appeared to describe the outbreak of large fires in the Western US [17,[52][53][54] and, by extension, in other regions of the world [38,55,56]. Megafires has been used to describe fires in forested ecosystems, rangelands [4] and in the wildland or rural urban interface [57] and are commonly understood to be explosive [53], very large, intense, and uncontrollable fires [23].…”

Section: Megafiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

Tedim

Leone

Amraoui

et al. 2018

Fire

336

220

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Every year worldwide some extraordinary wildfires occur, overwhelming suppression capabilities, causing substantial damages, and often resulting in fatalities. Given their increasing frequency, there is a debate about how to address these wildfires with significant social impacts, but there is no agreement upon terminology to describe them. The concept of extreme wildfire event (EWE) has emerged to bring some coherence on this kind of events. It is increasingly used, often as a synonym of other terms related to wildfires of high intensity and size, but its definition remains elusive. The goal of this paper is to go beyond drawing on distinct disciplinary perspectives to develop a holistic view of EWE as a social-ecological phenomenon. Based on literature review and using a transdisciplinary approach, this paper proposes a definition of EWE as a process and an outcome. Considering the lack of a consistent "scale of gravity" to leverage extreme wildfire events such as in natural hazards (e.g., tornados, hurricanes and earthquakes) we present a proposal of wildfire classification with seven categories based on measurable fire spread and behavior parameters and suppression difficulty. The categories 5 to 7 are labeled as EWE.

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Mega fire emissions in Siberia: potential supply of bioavailable iron from forests to the ocean

Cited by 59 publications

References 135 publications

Contrasting the Effect of Iron Mobilization on Soluble Iron Deposition to the Ocean in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Contrasting the Effect of Iron Mobilization on Soluble Iron Deposition to the Ocean in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Biomass burning emissions in north Australia during the early dry season: an overview of the 2014 SAFIRED campaign

Defining Extreme Wildfire Events: Difficulties, Challenges, and Impacts

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