Mega event as strategy for regional development The case of the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics

Spilling, Olav R.

doi:10.1080/08985629600000018

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, it has been argued that the staging of a sport event does not guarantee that a city or region will automatically experience legacies, in particular, the positive legacies that are sought (Garcia, 2003;Heinemann, 2003;Spilling, 1996). In fact, there are examples of urban infrastructure and sport facilities that have not continued to be used for the public good due to the cost of maintenance (Gold & Gold, 2007).…”

Section: Consideration 2: Legacy As Bestowed or Plannedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He outlines that for benefits of events to extend beyond sporting success, host cities require "a wellplanned and well-coordinated tourism leveraging strategy" (p. 204). This planning should take into account the event life cycle and the objectives of stakeholders from the host city and relevant regions to be able to maximize opportunities in both the short-term and long-term periods before, during, and after an event (Bramwell, 1997;Chalip, 2003Chalip, , 2004Chalip, , 2006Getz, 2005;Spilling, 1996). A more recent definition provided by Getz (2005) also captures this notion of planning through reference to event leveraging strategies.…”

Section: Consideration 3: Temporal Nature Of Legacymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptualizing Sport Event Legacy

Thomson¹,

Schlenker²,

Schulenkorf³

2013

Event Management

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Events legacies have become a common feature in the public policy rhetoric surrounding sport events of all sizes. Public policy planners and event organizers are increasingly promoting the legacies of sport events to justify significant investments required to host them. Within the context of special events, legacy is most often recognized as the long-term or permanent outcomes for a host city from staging an event. These outcomes include potential economic, tourism, social, physical, and/or environmental factors. However, the justification of legacies from events remains complicated due to inconsistent conceptualizations of legacy across academic and industry practice. While legacy is an increasing component of event bids as well as funding justifications and postevent reports, the concept itself has attracted limited critical analysis. This article puts forth a comprehensive review of literature that has sought to define legacy, from 1991–2008, drawing on event management, sport management, and urban planning contexts. An inductive interpretive analysis of definitions was undertaken, in which key considerations were identified and definitions assessed against these. The analysis revealed five key considerations of legacy in application to the sport event management context. In doing so, this article contributes to both theoretical debate and improved strategic practice surrounding the emergence of “legacy” as justification for staging sport events.

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Section: Consideration 2: Legacy As Bestowed or Plannedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consideration 3: Temporal Nature Of Legacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing Sport Event Legacy

Thomson¹,

Schlenker²,

Schulenkorf³

2013

Event Management

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“…Economic impacts are often said to be either temporary (Spilling 1996) or greatest in the 3-5 year period around the event itself (Oxford Economics 2012). On the other hand, economic growth stimulated by public sector investment in infrastructure is said to have a potential opportunity cost in other areas of public and welfare spending (McCartney et al 2010), as found in the case of the Sydney Olympics (Searle 2002).…”

Section: Plausibility: Applying the Evidence For Economic Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going for gold: A prospective assessment of the economic impacts of the Commonwealth Games 2014 on the East End of Glasgow

Clark

Kearns

2016

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

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Host cities have increasingly sought to combine the staging of a multi-sports event with the regeneration of run-down areas. Like London 2012, Glasgow has sought to use the Commonwealth Games (CWG) 2014 as a catalyst for the physical, social and economic renewal of its East End. This paper uses a theory-based evaluation framework to assess the likely economic impacts of the CWG upon Glasgow's East End. After considering the scope for economic change, the feasibility of legacy developments and programmes being delivered as intended, and the plausibility that economic impacts might be achieved based on evidence from past events, it is concluded that economic impacts are likely in the shortterm and possible in the medium-to-long-term. Key weaknesses in Glasgow's approach which may limit these impacts are identified so that future host cities with similar objectives may learn from them.

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“…Although, in recent years we have seen a burgeoning of research studies focusing on the concept of Olympic impact and legacy (see for example, Cashman, 2002;Gold & Gold, 2009;Gratton & Preuss, 2008;Malfas, Theodoraki, & Houlihan, 2004;Toohey, 2008), and on their empirical manifestation (see for example, Andersen, 1999;Blake, 2005;Giannoulakis, Wang, & Gray, 2008;Gibson, Qi, & Zhang, 2008;Hughes, 2013;Spilling, 1996;Zhou & Ap, 2009), such studies have been underdeveloped in a number of ways. In particular, there has been a lack of longitudinal studies of the development of legacy outcomes or impacts (Karadakis & Kaplanidou, 2012;Tien, Lo, & Lin, 2011); a lack of empirical post hoc evaluations (Giesecke & Madden, 2007;Kirkup & Major, 2006); and a scarcity of studies of impacts in non-hosting regions (see for example, Deccio & Baloglu, 2002;Ritchie, Shipway, & Cleeve, 2009;Walton, Longo, & Dawson, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the London 2012 Games’ impact on sport participation in a non-hosting region: a practical application of realist evaluation

Chen

Henry

2015

Leisure Studies

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In the literature on Olympic legacies and impacts there is a dearth of materials that specifically address the issue of Olympic impact for non-hosting regions. The literature tends to deal with impacts at a national level, or at a hosting-city region level, neglecting in large part the degree to which benefits can be leveraged by non-hosting regions. A further limitation identified in the literature is a failure to engage in detailed formal evaluation of policy implementation where assertions of potential policy impact are based on untested assumptions. This study is intended to address both of these concerns. It presents an empirical, 'bottom-up' application of a Realist Evaluation framework to assess the impact of a policy initiative -Workplace Challenge -aimed at leveraging enhanced sports participation in a non-hosting 'region' 1 -Leicestershire -in the period leading up to the 2012 Games. In doing so it seeks, to identify which causal mechanisms worked within this particular context to produce the observed outcomes. The evaluation 2 results demonstrate that the programme represented a positive approach to fostering regular engagement with sport and physical activities for some groups in some types of organisations; and that awareness and motivational factors associated with the London 2012 Games are, in this case, linked (albeit weakly) to an increase in sport and physical activity participation for specific groups taking part in the programme in particular organisational contexts.

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Mega event as strategy for regional development The case of the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Conceptualizing Sport Event Legacy

Conceptualizing Sport Event Legacy

Going for gold: A prospective assessment of the economic impacts of the Commonwealth Games 2014 on the East End of Glasgow

Evaluating the London 2012 Games’ impact on sport participation in a non-hosting region: a practical application of realist evaluation

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