Mefloquine loaded niosomes as a promising approach for the treatment of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis

Sharazly, Basma M El; Asaad, Ibrahim A Aboul; Yassen, Nabila Abd El Azeem; Maghraby, Gamal M. El; Carter, Wayne G.; Mohamed, Dareen Abd El-Aziz; Amer, Basma; Ismail, Howaida I. H.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106810

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…These results concur with a previous study revealing that inflammation induced by chronic toxoplasmosis infection in the brain was significantly decreased after treatment with mefloquine niosomes [ 52 ]. Etewa et al [ 53 ] revealed that the brain, liver, and spleen histopathological images were significantly improved in infected mice treated with spiramycin-loaded chitosan NPs compared to other groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…According to earlier studies, inhibiting apoptosis in the infected neuronal cells can be an easy way to survive and bypass the host’s immunological defense [ 60 , 61 ]. However, PYR+SDZ combination-treated mice showed strong P53 expression, and El Sharazly et al have denied the correlation between PYR+SDZ efficacy and its induced apoptosis as the mean number of TUNEL-positive cells in brain sections was low [ 52 ]. ZnO- and Mg-doped ZnO NP-treated mice showed mild P53 expression that indicated the protective effects of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs against apoptosis in the cerebral tissue [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Sarhan,

Felemban,

Alelwani

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Toxoplasma gondii causes a global parasitic disease. Therapeutic options for eradicating toxoplasmosis are limited. In this study, ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs were prepared, and their structural and morphological chrematistics were investigated. The XRD pattern revealed that Mg-doped ZnO NPs have weak crystallinity and a small crystallite size. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the integration of Mg ions into the ZnO framework, producing the high-purity Mg-doped ZnO nanocomposite. TEM micrographs determined the particle size of un-doped ZnO in the range of 29 nm, reduced to 23 nm with Mg2+ replacements. ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs significantly decreased the number of brain cysts (p < 0.05) by 29.30% and 35.08%, respectively, compared to the infected untreated group. The administration of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs revealed a marked histopathological improvement in the brain, liver, and spleen. Furthermore, ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs reduced P53 expression in the cerebral tissue while inducing CD31 expression, which indicated a protective effect against the infection-induced apoptosis and the restoration of balance between free radicals and antioxidant defense activity. In conclusion, the study proved these nanoparticles have antiparasitic, antiapoptotic, and angiogenetic effects. Being nontoxic compounds, these nanoparticles could be promising adjuvants in treating chronic toxoplasmosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Sarhan,

Felemban,

Alelwani

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Spiramycin-loaded maltodextrin nanoparticles as a promising treatment of toxoplasmosis on murine model

Abdel-Wahab,

Shafey,

Selim

et al. 2024

Parasitol Res

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Despite being the initial choice for treating toxoplasmosis, sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine have limited effectiveness in eliminating the infection and were linked to a variety of adverse effects. Therefore, the search for new effective therapeutic strategies against toxoplasmosis is still required. The current work is the first research to assess the efficacy of spiramycin-loaded maltodextrin nanoparticles (SPM-loaded MNPs) as a novel alternative drug therapy against toxoplasmosis in a murine model. Fifty laboratory-bred Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups: normal control group (GI, n = 10), positive control group (GII, n = 10), orally treated with spiramycin (SPM) alone (GIII, n = 10), intranasal treated with SPM-loaded MNPs (GIV, n = 10), and orally treated with SPM-loaded MNPs (GV, n = 10). Cysts of Toxoplasma gondii ME-49 strain were used to infect the mice. Tested drugs were administered 2 months after the infection. Drug efficacy was assessed by counting brain cysts, histopathological examination, and measures of serum CD19 by flow cytometer. The orally treated group with SPM-loaded MNPs (GV) showed a marked reduction of brain cyst count (88.7%), histopathological improvement changes, and an increasing mean level of CD19 (80.2%) with significant differences. SPM-loaded MNPs showed potent therapeutic effects against chronic toxoplasmosis. Further research should be conducted to assess it in the treatment of human toxoplasmosis, especially during pregnancy. Graphical Abstract

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A Comprehensive Review on Niosomes as a Tool for Advanced Drug Delivery

Garg¹,

Sharma²,

Agrawal³

et al. 2024

PNT

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Over the past few decades, advancements in nanocarrier-based therapeutic delivery have been significant, and niosomes research has recently received much interest. The self-assembled nonionic surfactant vesicles lead to the production of niosomes. The most recent nanocarriers, niosomes, are self-assembled vesicles made of nonionic surfactants with or without the proper quantities of cholesterol or other amphiphilic molecules. Because of their durability, low cost of components, large-scale production, simple maintenance, and high entrapment efficiency, niosomes are being used more frequently. Additionally, they enhance pharmacokinetics, reduce toxicity, enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds, & increase bioavailability. One of the most crucial features of niosomes is their controlled release and targeted diffusion, which is utilized for treating cancer, infectious diseases, and other problems. In this review article, we have covered all the fundamental information about niosomes, including preparation techniques, niosomes types, factors influencing their formation, niosomes evaluation, applications, and administration routes, along with recent developments.

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Mefloquine loaded niosomes as a promising approach for the treatment of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Spiramycin-loaded maltodextrin nanoparticles as a promising treatment of toxoplasmosis on murine model

A Comprehensive Review on Niosomes as a Tool for Advanced Drug Delivery

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