This article examines the competitiveness of Cambodia's garment export industry, on which the country's recent and successful economic development has depended to an unusually heavy extent. Using primary interviews and drawing on a wide range of secondary sources, it documents how Cambodia was drawn into garment global value chains, based almost entirely on inward investment. Despite its expansion in the face of strong Chinese competition, since the end of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing in December 2004, the industry remains vulnerable as a result of deficient infrastructure, labour unrest, official corruption and the absence of an adequate domestic textile industry, all of which serve to diminish its attractiveness to global buyers.Cet article a pour but d 0 examiner la compe´titivite´de l 0 industrie d 0 exportation du veˆtement au Cambodge, dont le de´veloppement e´conomique re´cent du pays a e´te´particulie`rement de´pendent. À partir d 0 entretiens primaires ainsi que diverses sources secondaires, nous montrons comment le Cambodge s 0 est inse´re´dans les chaıˆnes de valeur internationales de la confection en s 0 appuyant presque entie`rement sur des investissements internes. Malgre´une croissance e´conomique qui en de´pit de la forte concurrence chinoise se poursuit depuis la fin de l 0 Accord sur les Textiles et les Veˆtements, en de´cembre 2004, l 0 industrie reste vulne´rable en raison d 0 infrastructures de´ficientes, de conditions ouvrie`res instables, de la corruption ainsi que de la faiblesse de l 0 industrie domestique du textile, qui sont tous des facteurs qui nuisent a`son attractivite´aupre`s des investisseurs internationaux.