Meeting Forest Restoration Challenges: Using the Target Plant Concept

Dumroese, Kasten R; Landis, Thomas D.; Pinto, Jeremiah R.; Haase, Diane L.; Wilkinson, Kim W; Davis, Anthony S.

doi:10.21750/refor.1.03.3

Cited by 95 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Much literature on different biomes has shown the importance of morphological size-related attributes for the survival of planted seedlings (Grossnickle 2012 and references therein). However, there is still a lack of consensus on what size best fits key environmental factors for each biome (Dumroese et al 2016). This is particularly an issue for dry sites (Cortina et al 2013) which are one of the most challenging areas for restoration (Vallejo et al 2012, Piñeiro et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching seedling size to planting conditions: interactive response with soil moisture

Oliet¹,

Urbina²,

Sánchez‐Pinillos³

et al. 2019

iForest

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Seedling size is a very important issue when producing plants for restoration projects. Scientific evidence on the appropriate size for drylands is contradictory. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seedling size during first establishment by conducting a short term greenhouse experiment with Pinus canariensis containerized seedlings. A selection of large (mean height: 33.7 cm) and small (14.3 cm) one-year-old seedlings were planted in pots under two volumetric water content regimes: dry (7%) and wet (15%). Midday shoot water potential was measured in two periods: 10 (prior to root protrusion) and 30 (once the roots had protruded from the plug) days after planting. The length of protruding roots was measured after 30 days. One month after planting, the large seedlings under the dry regime produced more new roots than the small seedlings, but also showed the highest midday water potential values. Therefore, the greater root growth of the former did not offset the higher transpiration demand when planted in dry soils. These results suggest that under uncertainty about the soil humidity levels of dry areas, using small seedlings can improve their short-term survival after planting.Citation: Oliet JA, Ortiz de Urbina E, Sánchez-Pinillos M, Tardío-Cerrillo G (2019). Matching seedling size to planting conditions: interactive response with soil moisture. iForest 12: 220-225.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching seedling size to planting conditions: interactive response with soil moisture

Oliet¹,

Urbina²,

Sánchez‐Pinillos³

et al. 2019

iForest

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“…A component of the concept is to identify and overcome important limiting site factors using site preparation [46]. The ecological principle of limiting factors states that limiting factors are not only cumulative, but also sequential; if the most limiting factor is not accounted for then it is not beneficial to address other limiting factors [47]. Herbivory and competing vegetation are two key factors that commonly limit forest regeneration [48][49][50][51], yet understanding how these two limiting factors interact to influence forest regeneration success is lacking, especially for maritime forest restoration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Herbivory and Competing Vegetation Interact as Site Limiting Factors in Maritime Forest Restoration

Thyroff

Burney

Jacobs

2019

Forests

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Herbivory and competition during the regeneration phase influence forest successional dynamics. We demonstrated the importance of using the Target Plant Concept to identify and overcome site limiting factors for subtropical maritime forest restoration associated with deer browsing and competition. Quercus virginiana Mill. (live oak) bareroot seedlings were planted into clearcuts along the US Southern Atlantic coast with different treatment combinations of herbivory control (fenced or non-fenced) against white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) browsing and competing vegetation removal (none, one-year, or two-years). After three growing seasons, mean seedling survival was 61% with no significant treatment differences. Control of browse and vegetation interacted to facilitate growth of live oak; seedlings were significantly larger for all response parameters (diameter, height, crown width) when fenced and treated with vegetation control. Removal of vegetation improved seedling performance only in fenced plots, however, indicating a shift in pressure from herbivory to competition as the most limiting site factor when deer were excluded. After the second growing season, foliar nitrogen was greater in fenced plots than non-fenced plots and greater in two-year vegetation control subplots than non-vegetation control subplots. This result, however, was absent after the third growing season. Three years after clearcutting, there was no evidence of Q. virginiana natural regeneration in non-fenced plots. Even with artificial regeneration in non-fenced plots, Q. virginiana growth was slow, indicating that herbivory was a key limiting factor. Our findings illustrate the importance of accounting for site limiting factors and may aid in developing management prescriptions to promote semi-evergreen oak regeneration in ecosystems with high pressure from herbivory and competing vegetation.that simultaneous control of browsing and vegetative competition may synergistically improve seedling performance [13][14][15]. While there have been many studies on the individual effects of herbivory and competition, few previous studies have examined the interactive effects, with those that have showing varied results [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Competition between planted seedlings and neighboring vegetation limits the availability of soil nutrients, water, and light, impairing basic plant physiological processes [22]. In turn, competition restricts the ability of seedlings to establish, grow, and survive [23,24]. In clearcuts, light is notably increased, releasing competing vegetation from the seed bank and understory, while also providing habitat for recruitment of early successional competition via seed dispersal. Pioneer vegetation may acclimate quickly and take advantage of increased light and other resources in clearcuts, suppressing regeneration [25][26][27]. Controlling competition is therefore often deemed necessary following clearcutting. Under specific circumstances, however, a trade-off exists whereby competition may be bene...

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“…Outplanting high-quality seedlings, as defined by the target plant concept [45] and evaluated with standard methodologies [46], is essential to the success of forest plantation establishment. Assessments of seedling quality, however, should include the root system [47,48].…”

Section: Seedling Quality Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Persistence of Container Nursery Treatments on the Field Performance and Root System Morphology of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Sung

Dumroese

Pinto

et al. 2019

Forests

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In recent decades, container stock has become the preferred plant material to regenerate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests in the southeastern United States. We evaluated the effects of container nursery treatments on early and long-term field performance in central Louisiana. Seedlings were grown in four cavity volumes (60-336 mL) with or without copper oxychloride root pruning (Cu or no-Cu) and fertilized at three nitrogen (N) rates. Across treatments, 91% of the seedlings emerged from the grass stage by the second field season, and 88% of the seedlings survived eight years after outplanting (Year 8). Seedlings grown in the largest cavities had greater total heights and stem diameters than those cultured in the 60-and 95-mL cavities through Year 8. Seedlings receiving the least amount of N in the nursery were consistently smaller in stature through Year 8 than seedlings receiving more N. Field growth was unaffected by copper root pruning through Year 8. Foliar mineral nutrient concentrations and seedling nutrient contents of Year 2 seedlings did not respond to nursery treatments. Independent of nursery treatments, seedlings excavated in Year 2 had at least 60% of their first-order lateral roots (FOLRs) originating from the top 4.0 cm of the taproots. The Cu-root-pruned seedlings had twofold the percentage of FOLRs egressed from the top 8.0 cm of the root plug when compared with the no-Cu seedlings. Moreover, the Cu root pruning treatment decreased the percentage of root plug biomass allocated to FOLRs, total within root plug FOLR lengths, and FOLR deformity index. The effects of increasing cavity volume or N rate on the root plug FOLR variables were opposite those of the Cu root pruning treatment. Our results suggest that a tradeoff may exist between seedling stature and a more natural FOLR morphology in outplanted container longleaf pine seedlings.

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Meeting Forest Restoration Challenges: Using the Target Plant Concept

Cited by 95 publications

References 15 publications

Matching seedling size to planting conditions: interactive response with soil moisture

Matching seedling size to planting conditions: interactive response with soil moisture

Herbivory and Competing Vegetation Interact as Site Limiting Factors in Maritime Forest Restoration

The Persistence of Container Nursery Treatments on the Field Performance and Root System Morphology of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

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