Medycyna personalizowana w raku płuca

Abstract

Personalised therapy is currently a promising method of treatment for cancer patients. The dynamic development of molecular biology enabled identification of molecular subtypes of neoplasms, allowing determination of the optimal therapeutic management for the patient. Molecular diagnostics is also essential for cancer diagnosis, predicting disease development and prognosis. In the case of lung cancer, which is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, the main candidates for targeted treatment are patients with stage III and IV of the disease and with no possibility of radical local treatment. In clinical practice, the most proven therapeutic agents are inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, i.e. a receptor of the epithelial growth factor (TKI-EGFR), inhibitors of ALK, ROS1, BRAF and others, as well as immunotherapy applying monoclonal antibodies against immunological system checkpoints in cases of high level expression of programmed death receptor type 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), but also in cases of the high tumour mutational burden (TMB). As compared to chemotherapy, targeted therapy undoubtedly improves the treatment outcomes and, due to its lower toxicity, improves the quality of life of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. The aim of this paper is to characterise molecular tests which are currently applied in qualification of non-small cell lung cancer patients for targeted therapies.

The prognostic value of RDW, NLR and PLR in sequential radio-chemotherapy for advanced lung cancer

“…Additionally, concurrent radio-chemotherapy and immunotherapy with durvalumab are currently considered to be the standard of care for advanced NSCLC patients, superseding sequential radio-chemotherapy. However, due to the recent introduction of durvalumab to clinical practice [37][38][39], there is limited follow-up data available. Moreover, sequential radio--chemotherapy remains in use for patients with contraindications for concurrent therapy [39,40].…”

Can Pharmacogenetic Variants in TPMT, MTHFR and SLCO1B1 Genes Be Used as Potential Markers of Outcome Prediction in Systemic Sclerosis Patients?

“…Over the last decade personalized medicine has been presented as a holistic approach to improve patients' outcome. Even with the same diagnosis, a need for optimizing therapies based on patient's unique clinical features and genetic background was described for many diseases, including different types of cancer and autoimmune disorders (AD) [9,30,31]. Systemic sclerosis, a highly heterogeneous disease, among the most underresearched AD with high mortality rate and no efficient disease tailored therapy, represents one of the diseases whose patients would significantly benefit from introducing pharmacogenomics into daily clinical routine.…”

New Trends in Precision Medicine: A Pilot Study of Pure Light Scattering Analysis as a Useful Tool for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Diagnosis

“…Moreover, to be diagnosed, NSCLC needs diagnostic imaging and, in the end, a biopsy sample to determine the stage of tumour progression. A reliable method for a fast diagnosis of NSCLC would greatly help in improving therapeutic success [14].…”

“…To accomplish this target, we performed label-free light scattering analysis of pleural washing and analysed our outcome with the help of machine learning, which enabled us to precisely characterize different cell types involved in an NSCLC event. Therefore, our results can significantly help in the diagnosis and therapeutic decisions of NSCLC events [2,4,[12][13][14]. However, our presented morphological single cell analysis is able to reveal small structural modification of cells and therefore can retrieve several biophysical cell properties, such as the cell dimension, the dimensional relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and the optical density of cellular sub-compartments [15][16][17][18].…”