“…In some instances the persistence of renal stone formation in kidneys with medullary sponge disease has been associated with significant morbidity from the pain of urolithiasis and urinary tract infection with persistent bacteriuria (161,162). In some of these cases, especially those in which the tubular ectasia is unilateral or segmental, a unilateral or partial nephrectomy has been used to treat the disorder (163,164).…”