“…Titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium niobium nitride (TiNbN) coatings have been used in arthroplasty since the 1980s because of their hardness and good tribological properties (Bone & Naylor, ; Breugem, Linnartz, Sierevelt, Bruijn, & Driessen, ; Buechel, Pappas, & Helbig, ; Buechel Sr, Buechel Jr, Helbig, D'Alessio, & Pappas, ; Buechel Sr, Buechel Jr, & Pappas Jr, ; Fabry, Zietz, Baumann, Ehall, & Bader, ; Harman, Banks, & Hodge, ; Hirschmann, Helfrich, & Friederich, ; Łapaj, Markuszewski, Wendland, Mróz, & Wierusz‐Kozłowska, ; Łapaj, Wendland, Markuszewski, Mróz, & Wiśsniewski, ; Mohammed, Metcalfe, & Woodnutt, ; Pappas, Makris, & Buechel, ; Park, Kang, Bae, & Song, ; Park, Kim, & In, ; Raimondi & Pietrabissa, ; Saxler, Temmen, & Bontemps, ). Their application is relatively inexpensive and can be easily performed in implants already used clinically without any major modifications of their design (Reich et al, ).…”