Medium-resolution spectrum of the exoplanet HIP 65426 b

Petrus, Simon; Bonnefoy, M.; Chauvin, G.; Charnay, Benjamin; Marleau, Gabriel-Dominique; Gratton, R.; Lagrange, Anne-Marie; Rameau, Julien; Mordasini, Christoph; Nowak, M.; Delorme, P.; Boccaletti, A.; Carlotti, Alexis; Houllé, M.; Vigan, A.; Allard, F.; Desidera, S.; D’Orazi, V.; Hoeijmakers, H. J.; Wyttenbach, A.; Lavie, B.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038914

Cited by 44 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…On the other hand, instruments such as VLT/SINFONI (Eisenhauer et al 2003, R ∼ 5000), Keck/OSIRIS (Larkin et al 2006, R ∼ 4000) and VLT/MUSE (Bacon et al 2010, R ∼ 3000) have produced very interesting science output while lacking optimisation for direct imaging of planets. IFS instruments have allowed the detection of molecules in the atmospheres of HR8799 b/c (Konopacky et al 2013;Barman et al 2015;Petit dit de la Roche et al 2018), β Pictoris b (Hoeijmakers et al 2018;Rameau et al 2021), kappa And b (Todorov et al 2016;Wilcomb et al 2020) and HIP65426 b (Petrus et al 2021), measurements of the radial velocity of HR8799 b and c (Ruffio et al 2019) and the investigation of physical and chemical properties of the forming planet PDS70 b and its surroundings (Cugno et al 2021). This is made possible by taking advantage of the improved spectral resolution to disentangle the fundamentally different planetary and stellar signals, using cross-correlation techniques with forward models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct emission spectroscopy of exoplanets with the medium resolution imaging spectrometer on board JWST MIRI

Patapis

Nasedkin

Cugno

et al. 2022

A&A

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Context. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will give access to mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra (5–28 microns) while retaining spatial information. With the unparalleled sensitivity of JWST and the MIRI detectors, the MRS has the potential to revolutionise our understanding of giant exoplanet atmospheres. Aims. Molecular mapping is a promising detection and characterisation technique used to study the spectra of directly imaged exoplanets. We aim to examine the feasibility and application of this technique to MRS observations. Methods. We used the instrument simulator MIRISIM to create mock observations of resolved star and exoplanet systems. As an input for the simulator, we used stellar and planet parameters from literature, with the planet spectrum being modelled with the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS. After processing the raw data with the JWST pipeline, we high pass filter the data to account for the stellar point spread function, and used a forward modelling approach to detect the companions and constrain the chemical composition of their atmospheres through their molecular signatures. Results. We identified limiting factors in spectroscopic characterisation of directly imaged exoplanets with the MRS and simulated observations of two representative systems, HR8799 and GJ504. In both systems, we could detect the presence of multiple molecules that were present in the input model of their atmospheres. We used two different approaches with single molecule forward models, used in literature, that are sensitive to detecting mainly H2O, CO, CH4, and NH3, and a log-likelihood ratio test that uses full atmosphere forward models and is sensitive to a larger number of less dominant molecular species. Conclusions. We show that the MIRI MRS can be used to characterise widely separated giant exoplanets in the mid-IR using molecular mapping. Such observations would provide invaluable information for the chemical composition of the atmosphere, complementing other JWST observing modes, as well as ground-based observations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct emission spectroscopy of exoplanets with the medium resolution imaging spectrometer on board JWST MIRI

Patapis

Nasedkin

Cugno

et al. 2022

A&A

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“…This was the first major discovery by the SPHERE "SHINE" GTO survey (Desidera et al 2021;Langlois et al 2021;Vigan et al 2021). Initial photometric measurements from 1 to 5µm (Cheetham et al 2019;Stolker et al 2020) and medium resolution spectroscopy (Petrus et al 2021) of this object are consistent with a dusty, low surface gravity atmosphere with mid/late-L spectral type. The angular separation of 830 mas and contrast of ∼ 10 −4 relative to the host star make this object an ideal early target to be observed with the NIRCam and MIRI coronagraphs.…”

Section: Coronagraphy Of An Extrasolar Planetmentioning

confidence: 79%

The JWST Early Release Science Program for the Direct Imaging & Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems

Hinkley¹,

Carter²,

Ray³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The direct characterization of exoplanetary systems with high contrast imaging is among the highest priorities for the broader exoplanet community. As large space missions will be necessary for detecting and characterizing exo-Earth twins, developing the techniques and technology for direct imaging of exoplanets is a driving focus for the community. For the first time, JWST will directly observe extrasolar planets at mid-infrared wavelengths beyond 5 µm, deliver detailed spectroscopy revealing much more precise chemical abundances and atmospheric conditions, and provide sensitivity to analogs of our solar system ice-giant planets at wide orbital separations, an entirely new class of exoplanet. However, in order to maximise the scientific output over the lifetime of the mission, an exquisite understanding of the instrumental performance of JWST is needed as early in the mission as possible. In this paper, we describe our 54-hour Early Release Science Program that will utilize all four JWST instruments to extend the characterisation of planetary mass companions to ∼15 µm as well as image a circumstellar disk in the mid-infrared with unprecedented sensitivity. Our program will also assess the performance of the observatory in the key modes expected to be commonly used for exoplanet direct imaging and spectroscopy, optimize data calibration and processing, and generate representative datasets that will enable a broad user base to effectively plan for general observing programs in future Cycles.

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“…3, with the multi-epoch combination, enables us to nail down the detection probability map by a fraction of Jupiter mass and au. A further relevant gain would likely imply using alternative observing strategies, such as star-hopping (Wahhaj et al 2021) or molecular mapping (Hoeijmakers et al 2018;Petrus et al 2021), before the arrival of the extremely large telescopes (Chauvin 2018).…”

Section: K-stacker Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-depth direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of the young Solar System analog HD 95086

Desgrange

Chauvin

Christiaens

et al. 2022

A&A

Self Cite

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Context. HD 95086 is a young nearby Solar System analog hosting a giant exoplanet orbiting at 57 au from the star between an inner and outer debris belt. The existence of additional planets has been suggested as the mechanism that maintains the broad cavity between the two belts. Aims. We present a dedicated monitoring of HD 95086 with the VLT/SPHERE instrument to refine the orbital and atmospheric properties of HD 95086 b, and to search for additional planets in this system. Methods. SPHERE observations, spread over ten epochs from 2015 to 2019 and including five new datasets, were used. Combined with archival observations, from VLT/NaCo (2012-2013) and Gemini/GPI (2013-2016), the extended set of astrometric measurements allowed us to refine the orbital properties of HD 95086 b. We also investigated the spectral properties and the presence of a circumplanetary disk around HD 95086 b by using the special fitting tool exploring the diversity of several atmospheric models. In addition, we improved our detection limits in order to search for a putative planet c via the K-Stacker algorithm. Results. We extracted for the first time the JH low-resolution spectrum of HD 95086 b by stacking the six best epochs, and confirm its very red spectral energy distribution. Combined with additional datasets from GPI and NaCo, our analysis indicates that this very red color can be explained by the presence of a circumplanetary disk around planet b, with a range of high-temperature solutions (1400-1600 K) and significant extinction (A V 10 mag), or by a super-solar metallicity atmosphere with lower temperatures (800-1300 K), and small to medium amount of extinction (A V 10 mag). We do not find any robust candidates for planet c, but give updated constraints on its potential mass and location.

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Medium-resolution spectrum of the exoplanet HIP 65426 b

Cited by 44 publications

References 112 publications

Direct emission spectroscopy of exoplanets with the medium resolution imaging spectrometer on board JWST MIRI

Direct emission spectroscopy of exoplanets with the medium resolution imaging spectrometer on board JWST MIRI

The JWST Early Release Science Program for the Direct Imaging & Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems

In-depth direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of the young Solar System analog HD 95086

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