Medium‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymer Donors for Organic Photovoltaics

Abstract

Recently, an increasing number of researchers have begun to focus on developing nonfullerene acceptors, so it is very important to synthesize new polymers that are compatible with nonfullerene acceptors. Besides, wide‐ or medium‐bandgap polymer donors could be better to match narrow nonfullerene acceptors. The design of medium‐bandgap (MBG) polymer donors and their application in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) play an important part in the improvement of OPV device performance. This review summarizes the photovoltaic performance of MBG polymers that have been reported during the last decade. Furthermore, their structure–property relationships and device performance are discussed. On the basis of analyzing many polymer structures, guidance toward the design of novel photovoltaic materials might be helpful to understand the basic OPV mechanism and the path towards commercialization.

Polycarbazole and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications. A Review of the Last 10 Years

“…For this they were awarded with the Nobel Prize in 2000 for their research on conductive polymers [ 1 , 2 ]. These materials have induced the development of many applications, such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], organic field effect transistors (OFETs) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], dye-sensitized solar cells [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], photochromic dyes [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], batteries [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], and electrocatalyst [ 27 , 28 ] or (bio)sensors [ 26 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]…”

A Critical Review on Efficient Thick‐Film Organic Solar Cells

“…The large planarity of the D–A copolymers is beneficial to form the closest molecular stacking, high crystallinity, and large charge mobility, which can effectively reduce charge recombination and improve the efficiency of the corresponding thick‐film OSCs. [ 46,47 ] The introduction of fluorine/chlorine atoms on the polymer backbone can enhance the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, resulting in D–A copolymers with better backbone planarity and crystallinity, improved charge mobility and optimized morphology of blend films. The large electron‐negative fluorine/chlorine atoms can also efficiently reduce the energy levels of D–A copolymers and enhance its extinction coefficient.…”

Tackling Performance Challenges in Organic Photovoltaics: An Overview about Compatibilizers

“…The declared purposes of the present review are several: (i) to underline and advertise the importance of a single unambiguous definition of CBs, thus helping researchers to focus on this research field and prevent the future literature from becoming fragmentary; (ii) to offer a broad survey over the last decade reports, in order to reveal the growth in compatibilizers studies and underline the current trends, as well as some investigations which rapidly lost interest; and (iii) to update what already under the lens in some previous reviews, which are incomplete just due to the rapid shift forward of scientific research. Related to the last point, some reviews are warmly recommended as sources of historical information for the thoroughness of the specific topic therein discussed [116][117][118][119]; these last two reviews were an important source of information [120,121], and a further stimulus to bring a clear and well-defined definition of compatibilizers to the general audience and provide a useful guideline in the investigation of this fertile field of research. The central part of the review is Section 2, where compatibilizers are discussed and classified accordingly to their polymeric or molecular nature.…”