Mediterranean dietary pattern in pregnant women and offspring risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in early childhood: the INMA birth cohort study

Fernández–Barrés, Sílvia; Romaguera, Dora; Valvi, Damaskini; Martínez, David; Vioque, Jesús; Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva María; Amiano, Pilar; González‐Palacios, Sandra; Guxens, Mònica; Pereda, Eva Pereda; Riaño, Isolina; Tardón, Adonina; Íñiguez, Carmen; Arija, Victoria; Sunyer, Jordi; Vrijheid, Martine

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12092

Cited by 74 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Few human studies have evaluated the role of maternal diet on childhood obesity risk. A pregnancy cohort study from Spain showed that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy was associated with lower waist circumference but not with BMI in preschool children , suggesting a specific effect on programming body fat distribution leading to a lower abdominal obesity risk without influencing general obesity. Two other pregnancy cohorts investigated the association between maternal dietary patterns and child body composition and showed no significant associations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials support the role of the Mediterranean diet in preventing obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in adults , while some recent studies suggest a protective role against obesity development in children . In pregnancy, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with lower risk of preterm birth , higher birth weight and lower offspring waist circumference at preschool age .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood

et al. 2017

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Background In adults, adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been inversely associated with cardiovascular risk, but the extent to which diet in pregnancy is associated with offspring adiposity is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and offspring cardiometabolic traits in two pregnancy cohorts. Methods We studied 997 mother-child pairs from Project Viva in Massachusetts, USA, and 569 pairs from the Rhea study in Crete, Greece. We estimated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with an a priori defined score (MDS) of 9 foods and nutrients (0 to 9). We measured child weight, height, waist circumference, skin fold thicknesses, blood pressure (BP), and blood levels of lipids, c-reactive protein, and adipokines in mid-childhood (median 7.7 years) in Viva, and in early childhood (median 4.2 years) in Rhea. We calculated cohort-specific effects, and pooled effects estimates with random-effects models for cohort and child age. Results In Project Viva the mean (SD) MDS was 2.7 (1.6); in Rhea it was 3.8 (1.7). In the pooled analysis, for each 3-point increment in the MDS, offspring BMI z score was lower by 0.14 units (95% CI, −0.15 to −0.13), waist circumference by 0.39cm (95% CI, −0.64 to −0.14), and the sum of skin fold thicknesses by 0.63mm (95% CI, −0.98 to −0.28). We also observed lower offspring systolic (−1.03 mmHg; 95% CI, −1.65 to −0.42) and diastolic BP (−0.57mmHg; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.16). Conclusion Greater adherence to Mediterranean diet during pregnancy may protect against excess offspring cardiometabolic risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood

et al. 2017

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“…[118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133] Overall, although poor quality diets seem to have detrimental effects in the offspring, they are unlikely to be mediators of changes associated with maternal obesity but probably represent an independent risk factor. Studies have also evaluated the association between type of dietary fat and child health outcomes.…”

Section: Dietary Patterns and Nutrient Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child

Catalano

Shankar

2017

BMJ

852

749

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Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. Obesity during pregnancy has short term and long term adverse consequences for both mother and child. Obesity causes problems with infertility, and in early gestation it causes spontaneous pregnancy loss and congenital anomalies. Metabolically, obese women have increased insulin resistance in early pregnancy, which becomes manifest clinically in late gestation as glucose intolerance and fetal overgrowth. At term, the risk of cesarean delivery and wound complications is increased. Postpartum, obese women have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, depression, and difficulty with breast feeding. Because 50-60% of overweight or obese women gain more than recommended by Institute of Medicine gestational weight guidelines, postpartum weight retention increases future cardiometabolic risks and prepregnancy obesity in subsequent pregnancies. Neonates of obese women have increased body fat at birth, which increases the risk of childhood obesity. Although there is no unifying mechanism responsible for the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity, on the basis of the available data, increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction. We will review the pathophysiology underlying these data and try to shed light on the specific underlying mechanisms.

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“…Six studies assessed dietary patterns during pregnancy and offspring body size (Table ) . Of the six studies, two evaluated adherences to a Mediterranean dietary pattern, three used latent class or principal component analysis to identify dietary patterns, and one assessed a pro‐inflammatory diet score …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern during the first and second trimesters was inversely associated with offspring body size in early childhood in both studies . Chatzi et al evaluated adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Project Viva (n = 997) and the Rhea Cohort (n = 567) during the first trimester using the Mediterranean diet score, and Fernandez‐Barres et al assessed adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the Infancia y Medio Ambiente Cohort (n = 1827) over the entire pregnancy using the relative Mediterranean diet score. Both studies observed that greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with smaller waist circumference among offspring at age 4 years and at ages 6‐10 years .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years: A systematic review

Litvak

Parekh

Deierlein

2020

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Background In utero dietary exposures may influence childhood obesity. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years. Data sources Articles were identified in PubMed and Web of Science (January 2010‐March 2018) using the PRISMA guidelines. Additional studies were identified through a reference review of articles that met the inclusion criteria and related reviews. Study selection Prospective cohort studies that assessed dietary patterns, foods, macronutrients, or beverages during healthy pregnancy and offspring body size. The extraction of articles was done using predefined data fields. Synthesis One author extracted all information and evaluated bias with the NHLBI's Quality Assessment Tool. Results A total of 851 research articles were evaluated. Twenty‐one studies assessing dietary patterns, macronutrients, foods, and beverages met inclusion criteria. Consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with reduced body size, while refined carbohydrates were associated with offspring obesity. No association was observed between data‐driven dietary patterns and offspring body size, as well as a pro‐inflammatory diet pattern and offspring body size. Mixed and null findings were observed for the relationship between total carbohydrates, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages and offspring body size. Conclusions Adhering to a Mediterranean diet and limiting refined carbohydrates during pregnancy may influence offspring body size between 6 months and 18 years. The diverging results that exist between studies highlight the complexity of this topic.

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Mediterranean dietary pattern in pregnant women and offspring risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in early childhood: the INMA birth cohort study

Abstract: Pregnancy adherence to the MD was not associated with childhood overweight risk, but it was associated with lower WC, a marker of abdominal obesity.

Cited by 74 publications

References 31 publications

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood

Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child

Prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years: A systematic review

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