Mediterranean diet, stress resilience, and aging in nonhuman primates

Shively, Carol A.; Appt, Susan E.; Chen, Haiying; Day, Stephen M.; Frye, Brett M.; Shaltout, Hossam A; Silverstein‐Metzler, Marnie G.; Snyder‐Mackler, Noah; Uberseder, Beth; Vitolins, Mara Z.; Register, Thomas C.

doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100254

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…For instance, engaging in exercise has been shown to reduce stress levels acutely ( 84 ) and regular exercise has been shown to increase resilience to stress generally ( 85 ) and has been linked to greater resilience during COVID-19 ( 63 , 86 , 87 ). Further, maintaining a healthy diet ( 88 ) and having strong social support ( 89 ) have also been linked to increased resilience to stress generally, as well as during COVID-19 ( 61 , 87 , 90 ). Through enhancing resilience to stress, lifestyle interventions and the use of adaptive coping strategies may in turn reduce the risk for addictive and compulsive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Trait Compulsivity and Impulsivity on Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors During COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high levels of psychological distress worldwide, with experts expressing concern that this could result in corresponding increases in addictive behaviors as individuals seek to cope with their distress. Further, some individuals may be at greater risk than others for developing problematic addictive behaviors during times of high stress, such as individuals with high trait impulsivity and compulsivity. Despite the potential of such knowledge to inform early detection of risk, no study to date has examined the influence of trait impulsivity and compulsivity on addictive behaviors during COVID-19. Toward this aim, the current study examined the association between impulsive and compulsive traits and problematic addictive and compulsive behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Australia.Methods: Eight hundred seventy-eight adults completed a cross-sectional online survey during the first lockdown, between late May to June 2020. Participants completed scales for addictive and compulsive behaviors for the period prior to and during lockdown for problematic eating, pornography, internet use, gambling, drinking, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Negative binomial regressions examined the associations between impulsivity, compulsivity, and their interaction with problematic behaviors during lockdown, controlling for age, gender, sample, psychological distress, exposure to COVID-related stressors, and pre-COVID problems.Results: Greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problematic obsessive-compulsive behaviors (p < 0.001) and less problematic drinking (p = 0.038) during lockdown. Further, trait compulsivity interacted with trait impulsivity in relation to problematic eating behaviors (p = 0.014) such that greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problems among individuals with low impulsivity only (p = 0.030). Finally, psychological distress and/or exposure to COVID-related stressors were associated with greater problems across all addictive and compulsive behaviors, as was severity of pre-COVID problems.Discussion: Trait compulsivity was associated with addictive and compulsive behaviors in different ways. Further, the finding that stress-related variables (psychological distress and COVID-related stressors) were associated with greater problems across all lockdown behaviors supports the idea that stress may facilitate, or otherwise be associated with, problematic behaviors. These findings highlight the need for interventions that enhance resilience to stress, which in turn may reduce risk for addictive and compulsive disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Trait Compulsivity and Impulsivity on Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors During COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Supporting the involvement of these systems, we previously reported that the Western diet group had increased sympathetic activity, and increased cortisol concentrations (Shively et al, 2020). Western diet may contribute to inflammation by producing a more socially isolated or anxious animal with increased sympathetic and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal activity, which in turn alters monocyte function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Social isolation and anxiety, produced by Western diet consumption, may be accompanied by increased sympathetic outflow and increased hypothalmic-pituitary adrenal production of cortisol, both of which modulate monocyte intracellular processes governing inflammatory molecule production 74–76 . Supporting the involvement of these systems, we previously reported that the Western diet group had increased sympathetic activity, and increased cortisol concentrations 77 . Therefore, it is possible that a Western diet contributes to inflammation by producing a more socially isolated or anxious animal with increased sympathetic and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal activity, which in turn alters monocyte function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Diet may induce changes in the central nervous system by altering gut microbiota which alters vagal input to the brain 78 . We previously showed in these NHPs that diet had a strong effect on the gut microbiome 79 , and that compared to the Mediterranean group, Western diet NHPs had lower parasympathetic (vagal) activity at the time the monocyte transcriptome was assessed 77 . Taken together these observations suggest that diet-induced changes in vagal tone in the gut-brain axis may be one pathway through which diet impacted brain function, potentially affecting behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The randomized trial design allowed us to identify causal effects of realistic, complex diet patterns. Previous reports from this preclinical trial demonstrate that relative to the Mediterranean diet, the Western diet increased body weight, body fat, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis (Shively et al, 2019); exacerbated autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to psychosocial stress (Shively et al, 2020); and altered brain neuroanatomy (Frye et al, 2020). Here, we report the effects of the Mediterranean and Western diet patterns on behavior and monocyte gene expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Contrasting Effects of Western vs. Mediterranean Diets on Monocyte Inflammatory Gene Expression and Social Behavior in a Primate Model

Johnson

Shively

Michalson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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23Summary 24Monocytes and macrophages-important mediators of innate immunity, health, and disease-are 25 sensitive to diet and stress. Western diets promote inflammation and disease, while 26Mediterranean diets reduce inflammation and promote health, although the mechanisms through 27 which diet alters immune function are unknown. Here, we conducted the first randomized, long-28 term diet trial in which macaques were fed either a Western-or Mediterranean-like diet to 29 determine how diet and behavior interact to influence monocyte polarization-a precursor to 30 subsequent health outcomes. Monocyte gene expression profiles differed markedly between the 31 two diets, with over 40% of expressed genes being differentially expressed (FDR<0.05). The 32Western diet induced a more proinflammatory monocyte phenotype with changes in monocyte 33 polarization-associated genes. Diet also shifted the co-expression of gene pairs, including small 34RNAs and transcription factors that are associated with metabolism and adiposity in humans. We 35 also found that diet altered a suite of affiliative and anxiety-associated behaviors, and these 36 behavioral changes mediated ~20% of the effect of diet on monocyte gene expression. Together, 37 these findings suggest that diet-induced effects on monocyte polarization are due, in part, to both 38 direct and behaviorally-mediated effects on monocyte gene expression. 39

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Epidemiological Evidence – Health Outcomes

2022

Implementing the Mediterranean Diet

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Mediterranean diet, stress resilience, and aging in nonhuman primates

Cited by 34 publications

References 66 publications

The Influence of Trait Compulsivity and Impulsivity on Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors During COVID-19

The Influence of Trait Compulsivity and Impulsivity on Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors During COVID-19

Contrasting Effects of Western vs. Mediterranean Diets on Monocyte Inflammatory Gene Expression and Social Behavior in a Primate Model

Epidemiological Evidence – Health Outcomes

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