Mediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Shannon, Oliver M.; Mendes, Inês; Köchl, Christina; Mazidi, Mohsen; Ashor, Ammar W.; Rubele, Sofia; Minihane, Anne‐Marie; Mathers, John C.; Siervo, Mario

doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa002

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Likewise, a 12-week MedDiet intervention, with and without exercise, significantly increased endothelial progenitor cells [139]. These effects may contribute towards the improved endothelial function reported with MedDiet interventions [140] Olive oil enhances osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells, reducing the risk of osteoporosis in rats and humans [141]. Additionally, in a sub-study of the PREDIMED trial, which involved 127 older participants (mean age 68 years), intervention with a MedDiet enriched with extra virgin olive oil for two years significantly increased serum osteocalcin, suggesting protective effects on bone [142].…”

Section: Stem Cell Exhaustionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Mediterranean diet and the hallmarks of ageing

et al. 2021

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Ageing is a multifactorial process associated with reduced function and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Recently, nine cellular and molecular hallmarks of ageing have been identified, which characterise the ageing process and, collectively, may be key determinants of the ageing trajectory. These include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Healthier dietary patterns reduce the risk of age-related diseases and increase longevity and may influence positively one or more of these hallmarks. The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is a plant-based eating pattern that was typical of countries such as Greece, Spain, and Italy pre-globalisation of the food system and which is associated with better health during ageing. Here we review the potential effects of a MedDiet on each of the nine hallmarks of ageing, and provide evidence that the MedDiet as a whole, or individual elements of this dietary pattern, may influence each hallmark positively -effects which may contribute to the beneficial effects of this dietary pattern on age-related disease risk and longevity. We also highlight potential avenues for future research.

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Section: Stem Cell Exhaustionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Mediterranean diet and the hallmarks of ageing

et al. 2021

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“…Dyslipidemia is one of the prominent risk factors of the progression of atherosclerosis, which is an underlying cause of CVD [16]. Emerging evidence revealed that the MD diet has a protective effect against dyslipidemia and CVD [4,[31][32][33]. Although the precise mechanism between the MD and lipid metabolism has not yet been elucidated, many interrelated and overlapping components of the MD exert lipid-lowering effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Korean Adults

et al. 2020

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The Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality. Although various attempts have been made for estimating adherence to the MD using diet quality indices, few studies involving validated questionnaires for estimating adherence have been performed in Asian populations. We aimed to develop and validate the Korean version of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (K-MEDAS) by including 211 participants that visited health check-up centers and 116 participants with overweight or hypercholesterolemia that visited obesity clinic. The participants completed both the K-MEDAS and a 106-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We translated 13 questions and developed 1 question. Considering the agreement between the K-MEDAS and FFQ, nine of the 14 questions showed moderate or high kappa values (≥0.4). The total MD scores measured by the K-MEDAS and FFQ showed substantial concordance (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.678, 95% confidence interval: 0.520, 0.785). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between MD score and the levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, after adjusting for confounding variables. We found that K-MEDAS is valid tool for assessing adherence to the MD in the Korean population.

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“…Indeed, these indicate that rather than being harmful, dietary NO 3 − intake is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk [102,194] and certain cancers [117]. Furthermore, diets and dietary patterns high in fruits and vegetables are linked to greater longevity [195,196], protection against type 2 diabetes [197] and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [198], and improved cardiovascular [92,199,200] and cognitive health [201,202]. This suggests that higher intake of dietary NO 3 − , at least through plants, is more likely to be associated with health benefits than adverse effects.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate and population health: a narrative review of the translational potential of existing laboratory studies

Shannon

Easton

Shepherd

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3−) is a polyatomic ion, which is present in large quantities in green leafy vegetables and beetroot, and has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a potential health-promoting dietary compound. Numerous small, well-controlled laboratory studies have reported beneficial health effects of inorganic NO3− consumption on blood pressure, endothelial function, cerebrovascular blood flow, cognitive function, and exercise performance. Translating the findings from small laboratory studies into ‘real-world’ applications requires careful consideration. Main body This article provides a brief overview of the existing empirical evidence basis for the purported health-promoting effects of dietary NO3− consumption. Key areas for future research are then proposed to evaluate whether promising findings observed in small animal and human laboratory studies can effectively translate into clinically relevant improvements in population health. These proposals include: 1) conducting large-scale, longer duration trials with hard clinical endpoints (e.g. cardiovascular disease incidence); 2) exploring the feasibility and acceptability of different strategies to facilitate a prolonged increase in dietary NO3− intake; 3) exploitation of existing cohort studies to explore associations between NO3− intake and health outcomes, a research approach allowing larger samples sizes and longer duration follow up than is feasible in randomised controlled trials; 4) identifying factors which might account for individual differences in the response to inorganic NO3− (e.g. sex, genetics, habitual diet) and could assist with targeted/personalised nutritional interventions; 5) exploring the influence of oral health and medication on the therapeutic potential of NO3− supplementation; and 6) examining potential risk of adverse events with long term high- NO3− diets. Conclusion The salutary effects of dietary NO3− are well established in small, well-controlled laboratory studies. Much less is known about the feasibility and efficacy of long-term dietary NO3− enrichment for promoting health, and the factors which might explain the variable responsiveness to dietary NO3− supplementation between individuals. Future research focussing on the translation of laboratory data will provide valuable insight into the potential applications of dietary NO3− supplementation to improve population health.

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Mediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 46 publications

References 54 publications

Mediterranean diet and the hallmarks of ageing

Mediterranean diet and the hallmarks of ageing

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Korean Adults

Dietary nitrate and population health: a narrative review of the translational potential of existing laboratory studies

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