Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease

Scarmeas, Nikolaos; Stern, Yaakov; Tang, Mingxin; Mayeux, Richard; Luchsinger, José A.

doi:10.1002/ana.20854

Cited by 927 publications

(771 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…These findings are congruent with data from animal models showing that fat intake may be related not only to vascular risks but also to a direct effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Aβ accumulation [134]. Other evidence suggests that the "Mediterranean diet" is associated with a lower risk for AD [135] and a lower mortality once AD is established [136]. One hypothesis to explain this relationship is that the Mediterranean diet reduces vascular risks; however, a recent analysis suggests this is not the case [137].…”

Section: Epidemiologic Studiessupporting

confidence: 85%

Free radical-mediated damage to brain in Alzheimer's disease and its transgenic mouse models

Sonnen¹,

Breitner²,

Lovell³

et al. 2008

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Section: Epidemiologic Studiessupporting

confidence: 85%

Free radical-mediated damage to brain in Alzheimer's disease and its transgenic mouse models

Sonnen¹,

Breitner²,

Lovell³

et al. 2008

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…Parallel with these studies, there is accruing evidence about the benefits in cognition of lifestyle-related habits such as physical and cognitive and social activities (Hamer and Chida 2009; Kareholt et al 2011;Morgan et al 2012;Niti et al 2008;Sattler et al 2012) and nutrition in terms of nutrients and foods with conflicting results (Coley et al 2008). Regarding dietary patterns as a whole, a protective effect of MedDiet on cognitive function (Kesse-Guyot et al 2013), cognitive decline (Tsivgoulis et al 2013;Tangney et al 2011;Feart et al 2009;Scarmeas et al 2006) and development of mild cognitive impairment (Scarmeas et al 2009b;Roberts et al 2010) and dementia (Roberts et al 2010;Gu et al 2010;Scarmeas et al 2006Scarmeas et al , 2009a has been found in several observational studies but not in other cohort studies (Psaltopoulou et al 2008; Samieri et al Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted means and differences (95 % CI) for the association between each of the SNPs and cognitive assessment (Clock Drawing Test) according to intervention status Overall CLU (rs11136000) CLU ( (Martinez-Lapiscina et al 2013a, b). This is important since some observational studies may not find a protective association between the MedDiet and cognitive function because their MedDiet-like dietary pattern did not truly represent the traditional MedDiet due to sociocultural factors (Cherbuin and Anstey 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compelling evidence worldwide supports a benefit effect of this emerging nutritional pattern on health (Roman et al 2008). The MedDiet has provided favorable results on cognitive function, cognitive decline and dementia prevention along several observational studies (Scarmeas et al 2006;Psaltopoulou et al 2008;Gu et al 2010;Feart et al 2009;Scarmeas et al 2009a, b;Roberts et al 2010;Tangney et al 2011;Kesse-Guyot et al 2013;Samieri et al 2013;Tsivgoulis et al 2013). Recently, the PREDIMED-NAVARRA primary prevention trial has confirmed the benefit on cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment development (MCI) of a nutritional intervention with MedDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or nuts compared with a low-fat control diet (Martinez-Lapiscina et al 2013a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype patterns at CLU, CR1, PICALM and APOE, cognition and Mediterranean diet: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial

et al. 2014

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The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has shown beneficial effects on cognitive decline. Nevertheless, diet-gene interactions have been poorly evaluated. We aimed to investigate diet-gene interaction in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized trial. A total of 522 participants (67 ± 6 years at baseline) enrolled in the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial were randomly allocated to one of three diets: two MedDiets (supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts) or a low-fat diet. They were evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) after 6.5 years of intervention. Subjects were genotyped for CR1-rs3818361, CLU-rs11136000, PICALM-rs3851179 and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes. We studied MedDietgene interactions for cognition and assessed the effect of the MedDiet on cognition across different genetic profiles. A significant interaction (p = 0.041) between CLUrs11136000 and the MedDiet intervention on the MMSE was found with a beneficial effect of MedDiet among carriers of the T minor allele (B = 0.97, 95 % CI 0.45-1.49). Similar effect was observed for CR1-rs3818361, but no significant interaction was observed (p = 0.335). For PICALM-rs3851179, the MedDiet intervention showed a beneficial effect in both genotype groups. No apparent interaction was found for the CDT between intervention and gene variants. Similarly, participants randomly allocated to MedDiet groups, with favorable 123Genes Nutr (2014) 9:393 DOI 10.1007/s12263-014-0393-7 profiles of CR1, CLU and PICALM genes, significantly improved CDT scores compared to controls with the same genetic profile. Cognitive performance was better for nonApoE4 and for ApoE4 carriers of MedDiet groups compared to controls, but for CDT performance, we only found statistical significant differences for non-ApoE4 carriers. A MedDiet intervention modulates the effect of genetic factors on cognition. The effect of MedDiet might be greater for subjects with a more favorable genetic profile.

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“…x-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in general and long-chain x-3 PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain] in particular have beneficial effects on cardio-and cerebro-vascular function, including antiinflammatory, antiarrhythmic, antiaggregant and antiatherogenic effects (Friedland 2003). These PUFAs are object of active interest in AD research and are interestingly a main component of Mediterranean dietary patterns, per se shown to be inversely related to the risk of developing AD (Scarmeas et al 2006(Scarmeas et al , 2009a. On the other hand, brain cholesterol metabolism has been shown to play a pivotal role in dementia onset and worsening.…”

Section: Why Should We Care About Diet and Nutrition Against Cognitivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After this study, the incidence of several diseases was evaluated in relation to the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Scarmeas et al reported in the past few years that adherence to this dietary profile is associated with a risk reduction for MCI (Scarmeas et al 2009a) and AD (Scarmeas et al 2006), independently of physical exercise (Scarmeas et al 2009b). Shortly prior to these clarifying observations on Mediterranean diet and cognitive impairment, Sofi et al (2008) had conducted a meta-analysis of eight prospective studies and showed a strong overall association of Mediterranean diet adherence with a significant reduction in overall mortality and mortality for cardiovascular disease as well as with a primary prevention of cancer, Parkinson's disease and AD (13 % risk reduction).…”

Section: Why Should We Care About Diet and Nutrition Against Cognitivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional contributions to dementia prevention: main issues on antioxidant micronutrients

Polidori

Schulz

2014

Genes Nutr

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There is an impressing body of evidence supporting the beneficial role of balanced nutrition in lowering the risk of dementia and its commonest form, Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, and despite worldwide dementia epidemic, there is much unfounded skepticism and lack of information among physicians. As a result, the diagnosis of cognitive impairment occurs still far too late, at best symptomatic drugs keep being prescribed and patients and caregivers are left with little concrete support in the hands of the natural history of the disease. This review summarizes knowledge about the impact of nutrition as part of a healthy lifestyle and of micronutrients in particular on delaying and avoiding dementia onset.Why do we need to care about dementia Dementia is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, and it is characterized by progression, multiple etiology, complex symptomatology including that related to a disturbance of cognitive performance and absence of a cure. During the course of the disease, the cognitive symptoms of dementia persist and steadily worsen and behavioral disturbances appear and progress and as a result intellectual and social abilities are affected enough to obstacle the performance of activities of daily living. According to dementia definition, a diagnosis of dementia can be done when the impairment of more cognitive domains lasts long enough and is associated with behavioral disturbances both affecting activities of daily living. Dementia is indeed associated with disability and a high grade of dependence on caregivers-usually family members. This condition of disability and dependence brings along an enormous social and economic burden which is linked to the epidemics of dementia and its commonest, untreatable form, Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major risk factor for dementia and AD is advanced age, and therefore, the societal impact of AD is increasing according to aging demographics (http:// ec.europa.eu/health/reports/european). Life expectancy at birth in the EU increased from 72 years in 1980 to 78 years in 2007. The population of industrialized countries progressed from a mean life expectancy of 35 years at the beginning of the last century, to currently over 80 years of age. People aged 65 years or older are expected to double between 1995 and 2050 to reach 135 million in the EU, with very old people, aged 80 years and older, being projected to grow as much as eight to ten times on the global scale by 2050. This will strongly impact the already challenging number of ten million AD cases in the EU. As a cure against dementia has not been found yet, health care professionals all over the world are predicted to face the diagnostic, therapeutic and socioeconomical challenges of over 115 million people with dementia by 2050 (Prince et al. 2013). This perspective might be even underestimated, particularly due to inadequate diagnosis, lack of awareness and low education. The dramatic loss of synapses and cholinergic neurons, accumulation of extracellular b amyloid (Ab) plaqu...

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Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: We conclude that higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with a reduction in risk for AD.

Cited by 927 publications

References 65 publications

Free radical-mediated damage to brain in Alzheimer's disease and its transgenic mouse models

Free radical-mediated damage to brain in Alzheimer's disease and its transgenic mouse models

Genotype patterns at CLU, CR1, PICALM and APOE, cognition and Mediterranean diet: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial

Nutritional contributions to dementia prevention: main issues on antioxidant micronutrients

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