2020
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10383-1
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Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts

Abstract: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are mostly phytoplankton blooms, which have detrimental environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The Mediterranean Sea due to its enclosed nature is of special concern since it has an enormously rich native biodiversity. Though, it is also the world’s most invaded marine ecosystem and is considered at very high risk of future invasions. The aim of this review study is to explore the origins, establishment, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of HABs caused by nonnative algal sp… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 59 publications
(114 reference statements)
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“…As many freshwater cyanobacteria produce a variety of toxins affecting both animal and human health in eutrophic environments, many researchers have focused on the mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms and the physiological changes in cyanobacteria in freshwater (Marampouti et al 2020). The abiotic factors influencing cyanobacterial blooms have been well studied in freshwater ecosystems.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As many freshwater cyanobacteria produce a variety of toxins affecting both animal and human health in eutrophic environments, many researchers have focused on the mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms and the physiological changes in cyanobacteria in freshwater (Marampouti et al 2020). The abiotic factors influencing cyanobacterial blooms have been well studied in freshwater ecosystems.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eutrophication of coastal areas mainly appears in enclosed bays, e.g., the northern Adriatic Sea, the Gulf of Lion, and the northern Aegean, and results in the appearance of HABs [30]. Moreover, climate change has a great effect on coastal areas as it alters some hydrological features of these areas, which further facilitates the occurrence of HABs [46]. HABs in coastal areas of the MS are various, extremely localized, and either appear seasonally every year or occur in an apparently stochastic manner.…”
Section: Habs In the Mediterranean Sea (Ms) Coastal Areasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Under the influence of factors such as climate change, some algae have the ability to produce toxic compounds, and some of them can simultaneously produce multiple algal toxins (Caron et al, 2010;Griffith and Gobler, 2020;Onofrio et al, 2020;Marampouti et al, 2021). This adversely affects the ecosystem.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%