Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Krisanaprakornkit, Thawatchai; Ngamjarus, Chetta; Witoonchart, Chartree; Piyavhatkul, Nawanant

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006507.pub2

Cited by 81 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Among healthy adults, yoga's benefits in stress reduction have been shown in randomized controlled trials, but these studies had methodological flaws with short periods of intervention and limited follow-up data (Chong, Tsunaka, Tsang, Chan, & Cheung, 2011). Yoga's benefits have been shown in pediatric populations as well, although the small number of studies and methodological flaws make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of yoga interventions with children (Krisanaprakornkit, Ngamjarus, Witoonchart, & Piyavhatkul, 2010).…”

Section: Yoga's Efficacy As a School-based Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the Get Ready to Learn Yoga Program Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design

Koenig

Buckley-Reen²,

Garg

2012

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

112

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Occupational therapists use school-based yoga programs, but these interventions typically lack manualization and evidence from well-designed studies. Using an experimental pretest–posttest control group design, we examined the effectiveness of the Get Ready to Learn (GRTL) classroom yoga program among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The intervention group received the manualized yoga program daily for 16 wk, and the control group engaged in their standard morning routine. We assessed challenging behaviors with standardized measures and behavior coding before and after intervention. We completed a between-groups analysis of variance to assess differences in gain scores on the dependent variables. Students in the GRTL program showed significant decreases (p < .05) in teacher ratings of maladaptive behavior, as measured with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, compared with the control participants. This study demonstrates that use of daily classroomwide yoga interventions has a significant impact on key classroom behaviors among children with ASD.

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Section: Yoga's Efficacy As a School-based Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the Get Ready to Learn Yoga Program Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design

Koenig

Buckley-Reen²,

Garg

2012

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

112

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“…The last four protocols (75-78) examined non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD in children (acupuncture, parent training interventions, polyunsaturated fatty acids and social skills training), but were excluded because the protocols were not yet available in full review format. Therefore, three reviews (with a total of ten trials and 594 participants) met the inclusion criteria for this overview (55)(56)(57). Each included review examined a different intervention: family therapy (FT), homeopathy (Hom) and meditation therapy (MT).…”

Section: Results Of the Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, nonpharmacological treatments for ADHD have been increasing in popularity as communities become aware of the potential dangers of stimulant use in children (51): between 50-68% of children with ADHD have tried one or more non-pharmacological therapies (52;53), and parents of children with ADHD tend to prefer non-pharmacological therapies for their children (54). Therefore, this overview examines evidence on the efficacy and safety of three nonpharmacological treatments for the management of ADHD in children: family therapy, homeopathy, and meditation therapy (55)(56)(57). These treatments have been compared to drug therapies, non-drug therapies and control conditions, and they have been studied using a variety of parent questionnaires, teacher questionnaires and child-completed psychological tests.…”

Section: Why It Is Important To Do This Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, case reports on the treatment of schizophrenia have documented adverse effects of family therapy (92), and a systematic review on homeopathy reported more minor adverse events in patients receiving homeopathy compared to placebo (93). Research has found that adults with pre-existing psychological disorders may experience adverse effects of meditation such as temporary derealisation, depersonalization or onset of psychosis (94)(95)(96)(97)(98), and while research has not yet examined the potential adverse effects of meditation in children, it is likely inadvisable for children to sit still for prolonged periods of time with their eyes closed (57). Potential adverse effects of yoga include physical injuries such as back, neck and shoulder injuries (99).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cochrane Library and Non‐Pharmacological Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: An Overview of Reviews

Foisy

Williams

2011

Evid.‐Based Child Health

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Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic behavioural disorder that affects 5-8% of children. It is characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that cause functional impairment in multiple settings. The most common treatment of ADHD involves prescription of stimulant medications, which often cause undesirable side effects and pose unknown long-term health risks. Therefore, alternative treatment options for ADHD are becoming increasingly popular and need to be further investigated.Objectives: This overview of reviews aims to synthesize evidence from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) on the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacologic treatments to improve symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents. Methods:Issue 12, 2010 of the CDSR was searched using the terms "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "hyperkinetic disorder" and "ADHD" restricted to the title, abstract or keywords, and all systematic reviews examining non-pharmacologic treatments for ADHD in children and adolescents were identified. Data were extracted, complied into tables and synthesized using qualitative and quantitative methods.Main Results: Three systematic reviews (containing ten trials and 594 participants) were identified for inclusion in this overview. Children assigned to Hatha yoga versus a non-specific physical activity control condition showed significantly less symptoms of inattention when measured using both parent ratings (MD: −0.73; 95% CI: −1.25, −0.21) and child-completed tests (MD: −4.01; 95% CI: −6.23, −1.79). There was no significant benefit of homeopathy compared to homeopathy placebo in decreasing symptoms of ADHD. There was also no significant difference between family therapy and standard treatment for parent and teacher ratings of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity; however, when overall symptoms were judged by a blinded third party observer in the classroom setting, standard treatment was significantly more effective (MD: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.17). There was no significant difference between meditation therapy compared to both drug therapy and standard treatment without drugs for decreasing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractibility or overall symptoms. Authors' Conclusions:The three Cochrane reviews suffered from a lack of high-quality, adequately powered randomized controlled trials using standardized tools to measure clinically important outcomes over adequate periods of time. Therefore, the trials included in this overview are not sufficient to provide evidence of no positive benefit of treatment, nor are they sufficient to recommend the use Hatha yoga, family therapy, meditation therapy or homeopathy for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. Editors

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“…23 A Cochrane review found current research inadequate to suggest meditation for attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and suggested additional trials. 81 Active-controlled RCTs and active-control programs of concentration meditation in children and youth have included both transcendental meditation (TM) and the relaxation response.…”

Section: Concentration Meditationmentioning

confidence: 99%

AGRICOH, a newly formed consortium of agricultural cohorts

Me¹,

Freeman²,

Douwes

et al. 2011

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Abstract: As a result of the limited number of included studies, the small sample sizes and the high risk of bias, we are unable to draw any conclusions regarding the effectiveness of meditation therapy for ADHD. The adverse effects of meditation have not been reported. More trials are needed.

Cited by 81 publications

References 53 publications

Efficacy of the Get Ready to Learn Yoga Program Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design

Efficacy of the Get Ready to Learn Yoga Program Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design

The Cochrane Library and Non‐Pharmacological Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: An Overview of Reviews

AGRICOH, a newly formed consortium of agricultural cohorts

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