Mediolateral and rostrocaudal topographic organization of the sympathetic preganglionic cell pool in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis

Abstract

The sympathetic preganglionic cell pool in Xenopus laevis can be divided into four parts, i.e., the intercalated nucleus (IC) and the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) located respectively at the medial and the lateral borders of the lateral field, the lateral funiculus, and the ventral field within the thoracolumbar spinal segments. We compared the location of the preganglionic cells labeled following tracer application to the paravertebral sympathetic chain with those labeled following application to the celiac ganglion (CG), the adrenal gland (AG), and the splanchnic nerves (SNs) and found that their relative contribution differs depending on the sites. In tracer application to the paravertebral chain ganglia and the sympathetic trunk, 31.4-41.9% and 43.9-58.4% of labeled cells were detected respectively in the IC and in the IML, whereas application to the CG, AG, and on all the SNs, revealed that more than 84% of labeled cells were found in the IML and in the lateral funiculus with less than 8.6% in the IC. The contribution of the ventral field cells was less than 7.5% in all experiments. This type of topographic cytoarchitecture is a character shared with the mammalian preganglionic cell pool, but what distinguishes it from that of mammals is its systematic form throughout the entire longitudinal extent of the pool. In Xenopus, differences of mean soma areas and dendritic projections of labeled cells also suggest that the cell pools are distinguished not only by their location and axonal projections, but also by the morphology of their cells.

Catecholaminergic connectivity to the inner ear, central auditory, and vocal motor circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish porichthys notatus

“…Western blot analysis of rat and fish brain extracts, including midshipman, show similar expected bands of 59–63 kDa (Adrio et al, ; Carrera et al, ; Gayoso et al, ; Goebrecht et al, ; manufacturer's data). This antibody stains the appropriate pattern (i.e., known CA populations of neurons and projection patterns) in all brain regions, as previously documented in midshipman and other fish species (Carrera et al, ; Goebrecht et al, ; Kuscha et al, ; McLean and Fetcho, ) and other vertebrates (e.g., Hayes et al, ; Nakano et al, ). Alternate sections from positively labeled sections incubated without primary or secondary antisera showed a complete absence of labeling.…”

Endocannabinoid Receptor-1 and Sympathetic Nervous System Mediate the Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Gastric Bypass

“…To further explore our hypothesis, we directly measured the sympathetic nerve activity from the greater splanchnic nerve, one of the major pre-ganglionic branches of the splanchnic bed that provides sympathetic innervation to the proximal gut and midgut ( Nakano et al, 2009 ). Consistent with the increased intestinal expression of TH and Adrb3 , basal splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity was significantly elevated in RYGB-operated mice compared with sham controls 1 week after surgery when the mice had similar body weights ( Figure 3A ) as well as 6 weeks after surgery when their body weights had segregated ( Figure 3B ).…”

Catecholaminergic connectivity to the inner ear, central auditory, and vocal motor circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish porichthys notatus

“…Western blot analysis of rat and fish brain extracts, including midshipman, show similar expected bands of 59-63kDa (Adrio et al, 2011;Carrera et al, 2012;Gayoso et al, 2011;Goebrecht et al, 2014;manufacturer's data). This antibody stains the appropriate pattern (i.e., known CA populations of neurons and projection patterns) in all brain regions as previously documented in midshipman and other fish species (Carrera et al, 2012;Goebrecht et al, 2014;Kuscha et al, 2012;McLean and Fetcho, 2004a) and other vertebrates (e.g., Hayes et al, 2011;Nakano et al, 2009). Alternate sections from positively labeled sections incubated without primary or secondary antisera showed a complete absence of labeling.…”