Medieval Europe

Boone, Marc

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589531.013.0012

Cited by 3 publications

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“…67 It is difficult to assess the political relevance of cities in the subsequent Carolingian period, or how urban communities were organised at that moment, but it seems that bishops and lay aristocrats became the main players in municipal politics. 68 After the turn of the millennium, the cities of southern Gaul went through a phase of expansion and economic growth as Islamic and Viking raids came to an end. 69 These cities soon became the arena for power struggles between the militarised aristocrats (known as the caballarii or chevaliers), the counts and the urban clergy (bishops).…”

Section: Re-defining Urban Powers After the Millenniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71 This eventually led to reticence amongst the knights and their opposition against the canons, so the bishops, in turn, promoted municipal institutions for the plebs popularis or burgenses (the burghers) to counter the knights. 72 In this three-pointed balance, the bishops and their canons were the first to use the ancient city and its monumental remains in their political bids. We have already encountered Raimon de Montredon in 1150s Arles and Peter Ermengaud and Bertrand de Montredon in eleventh-century Nîmes, but more names could be added to this list, like bishop Izarn of Toulouse, who undertook the reconstruction of Saint Saturninus' church in 1074; or dean Richo, who did the same in Lyons in 1064.…”

Section: Re-defining Urban Powers After the Millenniummentioning

confidence: 99%

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The resilience of the late antique city in southern Gaul during the Romanesque period

Jiménez¹

2022

Remembering and Forgetting the Ancient City

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Cities are never finished or perfect; they are always in constant transformation. Nowadays, it is not just busy cities like London and Paris that are under perpetual renovation: even quiet Cambridge (even during the current lockdown) appears to be a never-ending construction site ('Cranebridge'). Already Libanius complained about his dear Antioch in the fourth century: 'There is always building going on in the city: some buildings are up to rooftop height, and some half built, or with foundations just laid, or being excavated'. 1 The phases of construction and reconstruction of buildings are part of the usual rhythm of the city. Despite this, it is difficult to change the perceived image of a city within living memory. 2 Some elements of the communal mental image of the city that are physically gone can remain in the collective memory in many different ways, such as place names (e.g., the King's Cross at King's Cross has not been there since 1845). In this sense, the survival of memories and rituals associated with certain spaces highlights the resilience of the city as an imagined space beyond the construction, reconstruction and substitution of its physical counterparts.The moments of 'urban renewal' that periodically hit cities as part of political changes are a good example of this development, when new regimes or interested parties try to modify the urban layout to promote a new set of urban ideals through new buildings. The adaptation of western European local communities to Roman urban culture in the first century AD, 3 or the establishment of the Umayyad caliphate over previously Christian territories are just two examples of such politically motivated redevelopment. 4 At the turn of the first millennium, a similar transformation of 1 Libanius, Orationes, 11.227. 2 'But the pithead baths is a supermarket now', sang Max Boyce.

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Section: Re-defining Urban Powers After the Millenniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Re-defining Urban Powers After the Millenniummentioning

confidence: 99%

The resilience of the late antique city in southern Gaul during the Romanesque period

Jiménez¹

2022

Remembering and Forgetting the Ancient City

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In search of frameworks for productive comparison of cities in world history

Stapleton

2016

Journal of Modern Chinese History

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Urbanization Patterns around the North Sea: Long-Term Population Dynamics, 1300–2015

Mil

Rutte

2021

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Around the North Sea, how have port cities and cities in the hinterlands of port cities influenced one another in the past? What possible links are there between population trends in various urban areas and time periods? Is it possible to identify the origin of the urbanization patterns around the North Sea? To understand the current era of urbanization, we need to analyze historical trends and urbanization patterns in the long term. By mapping the population figures for eight moments in history and combining this with data on political boundaries and large infrastructures that facilitate flows of goods and people, this article aims to contribute to an improved understanding of contemporary and historical urbanization trends around the North Sea. It also presents the first spatial dataset on urban settlements around the North Sea by means of a series of demographic maps, from 1300 to 2015. It provides a detailed explanation of the method used for mapping and handling demographical data. Each map is accompanied by a brief explanation of the urbanization pattern, with special attention to identifying demographic and economic developments and possible clarifications for centers of gravity and shifts. The maps lay the foundation for further research on social patterns and spatial developments in urban (port) regions around the North Sea and for understanding urban culture through space and time. Port cities must be analyzed from the perspective of the sea, which requires a rethinking of data sets and data borders, to understand the ways in which these port cities have served as porous distribution hubs and as transit nodes for boundary-crossing flows.

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Medieval Europe

Cited by 3 publications

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The resilience of the late antique city in southern Gaul during the Romanesque period

The resilience of the late antique city in southern Gaul during the Romanesque period

In search of frameworks for productive comparison of cities in world history

Urbanization Patterns around the North Sea: Long-Term Population Dynamics, 1300–2015

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