Medicinal Plants in Tropical West Africa

Oliver-Bever, Bep

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511753114

Cited by 572 publications

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“…The whole plant of Spilanthes acmella can be used in the treatment of dysentery and rheumatism (Baruah and Leclercq 1993). Likewise, the flower heads of S. mauritiana can be chewed to relieve toothache and has haemostatic and analgesic properties (Oliver-Bever 1986). It is also used as a preventive medicine for scurvy and stimulates digestion (Burkill 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species

Prathibha

Raghavendra

Vijayan

2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In mosquito control programs, insecticides of botanical origin have the potential to eliminate eggs, larvae, and adults. So, the larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Eugenia jambolana, Solidago canadensis, Euodia ridleyi, and Spilanthes mauritiana were assayed against the three vector mosquito species, namely Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The larval bioassay was conducted following the World Health Organization method. The maximum larval mortality was found with ethyl acetate extract of S. mauritiana against the larvae of A. stephensi, A. aegypti, and C. quinquefasciatus with LC 50 values of 11.51, 28.1, 14.10 ppm, respectively. The mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed at 48-h post-treatment. The percent hatchability was found to be inversely proportional to the concentration of the extract and directly proportional to the number of eggs. The flower head extract of S. mauritiana gave 100 % mortality followed by E. ridleyi, S. canadensis, and E. jambolana against the eggs of the three mosquito vectors. For oviposition-deterrent effect, out of the five concentrations tested (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm), the concentration of 100 ppm showed a significant egg laying-deterrent capacity. The oviposition activity index value of E. jambolana, E. ridleyi, S. canadensis, and S. mauritiana against A. aegypti, A. stephensi, C. quinquefasciatus at 100 ppm were −0.71, −0.71, −0.90, −0.93, −0.85, −0.91, −1, −1, −0.71, −0.85, −1, and −1, respectively. These results suggest that the leaf/flower extracts of certain local plants have the potential to be developed as possible eco-friendly means for the control of mosquitoes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species

Prathibha

Raghavendra

Vijayan

2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The extracts of the roots have been used in folk medicine as an antimalarial agent, in the treatment of rheumatism, and in urinary tract and upper respiratory tract infections for many generations. 2,3) Crude extracts from this plant and their fractions, as well as isolated indoloquinoline alkaloids, have been shown to have antibacterial, [4][5][6][7] antihyperglycemic, 8,9) anti-inflammatory 10,11) and antimalarial activities. [12][13][14][15] Phyto-Riker (Gihoc) Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Accra, Ghana) has developed an herbal preparation (Phyto-laria ® ) from the dried root of C. sanguinolenta for the treatment of malaria.…”

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Membrane Perturbations Induced by New Analogs of Neocryptolepine

Jaromin

Korycińska

Pįętka-Ottlik

et al. 2012

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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antihyperglycemic, 8,9) anti-inflammatory 10,11) and antimalarial activities.12-15) Phyto-Riker (Gihoc) Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Accra, Ghana) has developed an herbal preparation (Phyto-laria ® ) from the dried root of C. sanguinolenta for the treatment of malaria. According to clinical studies, this tea-bag formulation of the root powder (2.5 g) has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria, with an overall cure rate of 93.5%. Moreover, the laboratory findings did not suggest any toxicity. 16)However, indoloquinoline alkaloids are quite a rare group of natural products. This fact caused significant interest for the synthesis of indoloquinoline alkaloid derivatives, because of their potential biomedical and pharmaceutical value. 1,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Previous studies have indicated that all indolo[2,3-b]-quinolines belonging to the 5H-series possess interesting biological activities, including inhibition of the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and pathogenic fungi, cytotoxicity against KB cells and stimulation of the formation of calf thymus topoisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage. 17) 5,11-Dimethyl-5H-indolo [2,3-b] quinoline (DIMIQ), a benzoiso-α-carboline derivative, is one of the most interesting and active representatives of this group (Fig. 1). DIMIQ displayed strong antibacterial, antimycotic and cytotoxic activity in vitro as well as significant antitumor properties in vivo. 17,28,29) The influence of analogs of indolo [2,3-b] quinolines on cell cycle effects and their cytotoxicity have been extensively studied in vitro against several cell lines of different origin. Additionally, their ability to inhibit topoisomerase II activity was also evaluated. 18,[30][31][32][33] Osiadacz et al. have performed energy calculations for different DIMIQ orientations inside the DNA duplex. The studies have shown that the most preferred intercalation position, characterized by the lowest complex energy, was the parallel orientation of the long DIMIQ axis and the neighbor base-pair axes. 34)Since therapeutic and toxic effects of drugs are strongly influenced by their lipid affinity, the study of interactions with membranes was necessary. It was also of major importance to Regular Article

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“…Methanol fraction (MF) which showed the most potent antihyperglycemic activity was subjected to further fractionation. About 150 g of MF was fractionated by column chromatographic methods using gradient elution with n-hexane/ethylacetate (7:3) [53] to obtain twenty five (25) sub-fractions of MF. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was employed to pull the column chromatographic fractions together on the basis of the Rf values of the similar spots to obtain four sub-fractions: F 1 (24.3 g; 16.2%), F 2 (27.9 g; 18.6%), F 3 (20.3 g; 13.5%) and F 4 (73.8 g; 49.2%) which were screened further.…”

Section: Solvent-guided Fractionation Of Dme and Bioactivity-guided Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihyperglycemic Studies on the Leaf Extract and Active Fractions of <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> (Bignoniaceae)

Osigwe¹,

Akah²,

Nworu³

et al. 2015

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Optimal control of chronic hyperglycemia prevents both micro and macro vascular complications-a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic subjects. This study was undertaken to give credence to the traditional use of Newbouldia laevis leaves in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract (DME) of N. laevis leaves was prepared by cold maceration. Separation of DME into column chromatographic fractions yielded the n-hexane fraction (HF), ethylacetate fraction (EF) and methanol fraction (MF). The extract and fractions were evaluated for antihyperglycemic activity in alloxanized diabetic rats. The results showed that the oral administration of extract and fractions (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg) caused a significant (P < 0.5) and dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose level in diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic potency after 24 h was in the order MF (methanol fraction; 56.31%) > DME (dichloromethane/methanol extract; 36.19%) > EF (ethylacetate fraction; 20.70%) > HF (n-hexane fraction; 10.09. The methanol fraction, which showed the highest potency in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), was further separated into column chromatographic sub-fractions-F₁, F₂, F₃ and F₄ fractions. These sub-fractions were evaluated for antihyperglycemic activity. Sub-fractions F₁, F₂ and F₃ (1000 mg/kg) did produce significant (P > 0.05) reduction in blood glucose level after 24 h. Sub-fraction F4 (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), however caused a significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose level. The reduction at 200 mg/kg dose of F 4 (74.57%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of glibenclamide (58.04%). These findings suggest that leaf extract and fractions of Newbouldia laevis possess antihyperglycemic activities and can be the basis for the folk use N. laevis in management of diabetes mellitus.

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Medicinal Plants in Tropical West Africa

Cited by 572 publications

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Larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species

Larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species

Membrane Perturbations Induced by New Analogs of Neocryptolepine

Antihyperglycemic Studies on the Leaf Extract and Active Fractions of <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> (Bignoniaceae)

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Medicinal Plants in Tropical West Africa

Cited by 572 publications

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Larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species

Larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species

Membrane Perturbations Induced by New Analogs of Neocryptolepine

Antihyperglycemic Studies on the Leaf Extract and Active Fractions of &lt;i&gt;Newbouldia laevis&lt;/i&gt; (Bignoniaceae)

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Antihyperglycemic Studies on the Leaf Extract and Active Fractions of <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> (Bignoniaceae)