Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives

Dutra, Rafael C.; Campos, Maria M.; Santos, Adair R.S.; Calixto, João B.

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021

Cited by 340 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 352 publications

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“…Natural products have been a rich source of compounds for drug discovery and the interest in natural products derived from medicinal plants has increased signifi cantly worldwide [14,15]. Medicinal plants have made many contributions to commercial drug preparations manufactured today including ephedrine from Ephedra sinica, digitoxin from Digitalis purpurea, salicin from Salix alba and reserpine from Rauwolfi a serpentina [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiulcerogenic activity of species Annona coriacea Mart. and Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil

Anderson¹

2017

Arch Clin Gastroenterol

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Background: Medicinal plants from the Brazilian Cerrado are used in folk medicine to treat several diseases such as gastric disorders.Purpose: The present work evaluated the antiulcerogenic and antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of two Cerrado plant species. Methods:The action of ethanolic extracts of Spiranthera odoratissima (SOL) and Annona coriacea (ACL) were evaluated in experimental in vivo models in rats that simulated this disease in human gastric mucosa. Additionally, a pharmacological study to test antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also evaluated by microdilution methods.Results: The pretreated with SOL (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) promoted signifi cant inhibition of mucosal injury (93, 99 and 98% inhibition; respectively). This inhibition also was detected in ACL treatment (50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg; 67, 52, 48 and 67% inhibition, respectively). The both extracts SOL (100 mg/ kg) and ACL (50 mg/kg) also reduced signifi cantly the formation of gastric lesions induced by indomethacin (73 and 63%, respectively) when compared to animals treated with respective vehicle. The phytochemical profi le from SOL and ACL indicated the presence alkaloids as a main constituent of these extracts. ACL but not displayed antimicrobial activities in vitro. Conclusion:Spiranthera odoratissima and Annona coriacea species present gastroprotective activity, supporting previous claims that its traditional use can treat gastrointestinal disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiulcerogenic activity of species Annona coriacea Mart. and Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil

Anderson¹

2017

Arch Clin Gastroenterol

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“…Such model assessments can reveal the effects of plant-derived secondary metabolites on specific tissue functions in a genetic population. It cannot be ignored that a very high number of plant extracts in controlled laboratory studies seem to exert beneficial effects on inflammatory and metabolic diseases by largely unknown mechanisms [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96]. Strikingly, it appears that almost any plant extract is somehow effective.…”

Section: Homeostatic-type Model Assessmentswhat Do They Tell Us?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Plant Feedback Hypothesis: How Plant Secondary Metabolites Nonspecifically Impact Human Health

Gertsch

2016

Planta Med

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Humans can ingest gram amounts of plant secondary metabolites daily through diet. Many of these phytochemicals are bioactive beyond our current understanding because they act through weak negative biological feedback mechanisms, undetectable in vitro. Homeostatic-type assessments shed light on the evolutionary implications of the human diet from plants, giving rise to the metabolic plant feedback hypothesis. The hypothesis states that ancient diets rich in carbohydrates coincide with bulk dietary phytochemicals that act as nonspecific inhibitors of metabolic and inflammatory processes. Consequently, food-derived phytochemicals are likely to be equally effective as herbal medicines for these indications. In addition to the ubiquitous flavonoids, terpenoids, and fatty acids in the diet, the likely impact of chronic chlorophyll ingestion on human health is discussed, and data on its modulation of blood glucose levels are presented. A major deduction of this hypothesis is that starchy diets lacking plant secondary metabolites are associated with multimorbidity (lifestyle diseases) including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It is proposed that the intake of leafy vegetables, spices, and herbal remedies rich in phytochemicals matches the transition and genetic adaptation to early agriculture, playing a compensatory role in the mismatch of old genes and new diets.

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“…Segundo Dutra et al (2016), apesar da grande biodiversidade brasileira, e do grande interesse por parte da população no uso de plantas medicinais, esse mercado ainda é pequeno (13). O consumo de medicamentos fitoterápicos representa cerca de 261 milhões de dólares, menos de 5% de todas os fármacos e medicamentos comercializados.…”

Section: Medicamentos Fitoterápicos Nos Países Do Mercosulunclassified

Legislação E Controle De Qualidade De Medicamentos Fitoterápicos Nos Países Do Mercosul

Cechinel-Zanchett

2016

Infarma

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This study aimed to collect data on herbal medicines in the Mercosul countries, mainly about the major marketed plants, as well as, biological systems with higher prevalence, health control, market data and key aspects related to legislation. The survey was conducted by document analysis, with a literature review on all types of production in Portuguese, English and Spanish (books, dissertations, theses, documents, laws, articles). It was noted that Brazil has a larger number of regulations on the health and quality control of herbal medicines and it is the largest country in the Mercosul. Herbal medicines most commercialized in the country have action on the central nervous (n=6) and respiratory systems (n=6), with 32%, and with 26% (n=5), the gastrointestinal system. Most of them 63% (n=12) is formulated with dry extract. In Argentina and Paraguay, most of them have action on the gastrointestinal system, with 38% (n=16) and 50% (n=7), respectively. It highlights the lack of studies and legislation mainly in Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela. Quality control is governed by regulatory issues; however, Uruguay classifies these products as medicines in general, and in Venezuela, as natural products. The lack of specific resolutions, with the exception of Brazil and Argentina, to guide the steps of production and control of herbal medicines, may complicate to discovery process of new bioactive agents from herbal medicines.Keywords: medicinal plants, quality control, herbal medicines, drug regulation, Mercosul. RESUMOO objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar dados sobre medicamentos fitoterápicos nos países do Mercosul, tais como principais plantas comercializadas e sistemas biológicos com maior prevalência, controle sanitário, dados de mercado e principais aspectos relacionados às legislações. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de análise documental, sendo uma revisão de literatura em todos os tipos de produção em português, inglês e espanhol (livros, dissertações, teses, documentos, legislações, artigos). O Brasil, maior país do Mercosul. apresentou a maior quantidade de regulamentações sobre o controle sanitário e de qualidade de medicamentos fitoterápicose Os medicamentos fitoterápicos mais comercializados no país têm ação no sistema nervoso central (n=6) e sistema respiratório (n=6), com 32%, e no sistema gastrointestinal, com 26% (n=5), e a maioria, 63% (n=12), é formulada com extrato seco. Na Argentina e no Paraguai, a maior parte tem ação no sistema gastrointestinal, com 38% (n=16) e 50% (n=7), respectivamente. É destacada a escassez de estudos e legislações principalmente no Paraguai, Uruguai e Venezuela. E foi possível concluir que o controle da qualidade é regido por órgãos regulamentadores, porém, no Uruguai, medicamentos fitoterápicos são enquadrados como medicamentos em geral, e na Venezuela, como produtos naturais. A falta de resoluções específicas, com exceção do Brasil e Argentina, para nortear as etapas de produção e controle de medicamentos fitoterápicos, dificulta o processo de descobertas de n...

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Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives

Cited by 340 publications

References 352 publications

Antiulcerogenic activity of species Annona coriacea Mart. and Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil

Antiulcerogenic activity of species Annona coriacea Mart. and Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil

The Metabolic Plant Feedback Hypothesis: How Plant Secondary Metabolites Nonspecifically Impact Human Health

Legislação E Controle De Qualidade De Medicamentos Fitoterápicos Nos Países Do Mercosul

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