Medicinal Plants and Herbal Drugs: An Overview

Mujwar

Chemistry & Biodiversity

et al. 2023

Stress is the body's reaction to the challenges it faces, and it produces a multitude of chemical molecules known as stressors as a result of these reactions. It's also a misalignment of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems causing changes in a variety of physiological reactions and perhaps leading to stress disorders. The reduction in neurotransmitter & neurohormonal hormones is mainly governed by the nociceptin receptor as G-protein coupled receptor and increased the level of reactive oxygen species. Various synthetic medicines that target nociceptin receptors were utilized to reduce the effects of stress but they come up with a variety of side effects. Because of the widespread utilization and renewed interest in medicinal herbal plants considered to be alternative antistress therapy. Our present work is an approach to decipher the molecular nature of novel herbal leads by targeting nociceptin receptor, under which herbal compounds were screened and validated through insilico methods. Among screened leads, withanolide-B showed stable association in the active site of the nociceptin receptor as an antistress agent with no side effects. Furthermore, the selected lead was also evaluated for stability by molecular dynamic stimulation as well as for pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile. It has been concluded stable conformation of withanolide-B without presence of any major toxic effects. As a result, the in silico molecular docking technique is a highly successful method for selecting a prospective herbal lead molecule with respect to a specific target, and future research can pave the way for further exploration in the drug development field.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Design of Plant‐Based Antistress Agents Targeting Nociceptin Receptor

Mujwar

Chemistry & Biodiversity

et al. 2023

“…These natural sources of compounds have a myriad of applications in the pharmaceutical, food, perfume, agrochemical and cosmetics industries [ 1 , 2 ]. The World Health Organization classifies a medicinal plant as any that contains substances which can be used for therapeutic purposes, the whole or parts (e.g., roots, stem, leaves, stem bark, fruits and seeds) of which can have applications in the control or treatment of diseases, including respiratory infections [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Erythrostemon yucatanensis (Greenm.) Gagnon & GP Lewis Components with Anti-hemagglutinin Binding Activity against Influenza A/H1N1 Virus

et al. 2022

Erythrostemon yucatanensis (Greenm.) Gagnon & GP Lewis is a legume tree native to and widely distributed in southeast Mexico, where its branches are used in traditional medicine. An in vitro evaluation of the antiviral activity of extracts and fractions from the leaves, stem bark and roots against two strains of the AH1N1 influenza virus was performed, leading to the identification of bioactive compounds in this medicinal plant. In a cytopathic effect reduction assay, the fractions from the leaves and stem bark were the active elements at the co-treatment level. These were further fractionated based on their hemagglutination inhibition activity. The analysis of spectroscopy data identified a combination of phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol) in the stem bark active fraction as the main anti-hemagglutinin binding components, while 5-hydroxy-2(2-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-7-metoxi-4H(chromen-4-ona), which was isolated from the leaf extracts, showed a weak inhibition of viral hemagglutinin. Time of addition experiments demonstrated that the mixture of sterols had a direct effect on viral particle infectivity at the co-treatment level (IC50 = 3.125 µg/mL). This effect was also observed in the virus plaque formation inhibition assay, where the mixture showed 90% inhibition in the first 20 min of co-treatment at the same concentration. Additionally, it was found using qRT-PCR that the NP copy number was reduced by 92.85% after 60 min of co-treatment. These results are the first report of components with anti-hemagglutinin binding activity in the genus Erythrostemon sp.

“…They are collections of beneficial chemical compounds that can be used as a guide and proof in the development of current drugs (Dzobo, 2021). Phytochemicals found in medicinal plants' leaves, fruits, seeds, barks, and roots have a natural preventive and resistance mechanism against a variety of diseases (Ahad et al, 2021). Primary and secondary compounds are found in phytochemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

neuro

Herbal treatments are the most often utilized kind of medicine in the majority of underdeveloped nations. Herbs that are used for medicine are widely available and have been utilized for centuries. The ethno-therapeutic plant Momordica tuberosa is grown in India, and its medicinal properties are linked to the presence of certain dietary and bioactive constituents. In this work, the nutrient and phytochemical makeup of the methanol extract of Momordica tuberosa stem is assessed. Standard methods were used for phytochemical screening and proximate analysis, and GC-MS analysis was carried out to profile small and volatile compounds. The nutritional value and phytochemical composition of Momordica tuberosa's leaves and fruits has been the subject of several studies. According to the early results, the plant's methanolic stem extract has nutritive and bioactive components.