Medicinal Plants: A Source of Anti-Parasitic Secondary Metabolites

Wink, Michael

doi:10.3390/molecules171112771

Cited by 294 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Alternatively, other natural products from different sources could be tested. These could include microbial products of activated cryptic pathways (see elsewhere in this review) or secondary metabolites from plants [207][208][209][210][211][212] , endophytic fungi 213 , or marine sources 214 .…”

Section: Opportunities For Natural Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era

Harvey

Edrada-Ebel

Quinn

2015

Nat Rev Drug Discov

2,050

1,410

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Natural products have been a rich source of compounds for drug discovery. However, their use has diminished in the past two decades in part because of technical barriers to screening natural products in high-throughput assays against molecular targets. Here, we review advances in chemical techniques for the isolation and structural elucidation of natural products that have reduced these technological barriers. We also assess the use of genomic and metabolomic approaches to augment traditional methods of studying natural products, and highlight recent examples of natural products in antimicrobial drug discovery and as inhibitors of protein protein interactions. The growing appreciation of functional assays and phenotypic screens may further contribute to a revival of interest in natural products for drug discovery.

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Section: Opportunities For Natural Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era

Harvey

Edrada-Ebel

Quinn

2015

Nat Rev Drug Discov

2,050

1,410

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“…Furthermore, even if animal experiments were successful, we would need clinical trials of the new compounds alone or in combination with established parasiticidal drugs to prove their efficacy and safety. These developments are costly and it is presently difficult to attract the pharmaceutical industries into these fields for various reasons [20]. The objective of the present work was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of solvent extracts of M.fraxinea Sm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrothylax crumenifer: Ultrastructure and histopathology study of in vitro trematodicidal action of Marattia fraxinea (Sm.)

et al. 2017

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Background: Trematodicidal action of Marattia fraxinea (Sm.) rhizome, extracts against adult Gastrothylax crumenifer and its morphological changes under light and scanning electron microscope was studied in this work. This plant according to folk medicine has been reported to be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anthelmintic against ankylostomiasis. Methods: Preliminary screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence tannins, saponins, quinones, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, anthocyanin and betacyanin. Total phenol, total terpenoids, total tannin and total flavonoids were quantitatively estimated. Total phenolic content was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau method. Total flavonoid content was determined by the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. In-vitro incubation study of Marattia fraxinea Sm. extracts against Gastrothylax crumenifer were performed using 25 ml of Hedon-Fleig (H-F) salt solution containing various concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/ml) respectively as test extracts, positive control Oxyclozanide @ 1% (250 mg/25 ml) and negative control H-F salt solution, distributed to 7-Petri plates in an incubator with 5% CO 2 at 37°C. Twenty five amphistomes were incubated and the motility of control and test group was observed under dissection microscope at a regular time interval of (0, 10, 15, 30 and 60) min respectively. The motility response of the parasites was categorized with specific score 3, 2, 1, 0 respectively. Relative Motility (RM) value and Lethal Concentration 50 (LC 50 ) were determined by probit regression analysis. Ultrastructure and histopathological changes on morphology of G.crumenifer were interpreted. The bioactive compounds were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. Results: Phytochemical analysis of M.fraxinea (Sm.) revealed the presence of secondary metabolites tannins, saponins, quinones, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, and betacyanin. Total terpenoid, total phenol, total tannin and total flavonoid content were found to be 16.00 ± 0.85 mg/g. 5.40 ± 0.71) mg GAE/g, 7.90 ± 0.24 mg TAE/g and 1.25 ± 0.41 mg QE/g respectively. GC-MS analysis showed presence of PHYTOL, a diterpenoids, fern-8-ene, a triterpenoids shown to have potent anthelmintic property. In vitro incubation study revealed death of all trematodes, lethal at 60 min incubation time at 5 mg/ml concentration, indicated Relative Motility (RM) value is 0, least effective compared to positive control Oxyclozanide, where RM value is 0 at 10 min. Lethal concentration 50 (LC 50 ) was found to be 4.873 mg/ml. Confirmative study on gross morphology, histopathology, and ultra-structural changes showed considerable effect on suckers, teguments and internal organs and were dose dependent. Conclusion: It is indicative that presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolics which are contributing factors for anthelmintic activity, producing various ...

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“…Several studies have shown that alkaloids, flavonoids, chalcones, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds display antileishmanial effect (Sandjo et al, 2016;Singh et al, 2014;Wink, 2012). In the present study, HPLC-DAD was employed to evaluate the phytochemical profile of Q2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antileishmanial effects of the alkaloid-rich fraction of Quassia amara L.

Gabriel¹,

Amaral²,

Cortê-Real³

et al. 2016

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Control of leishmaniasis remains a challenge due the high toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drugs presently available. The ongoing search for better leishmanicidal compounds has brought herbal drugs into the limelight as safe and effective substitutes to conventional therapies which have various drawbacks. The current study was designed to evaluate the antileishmanial effect of Quassia amara against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum. Different fractions (Hexane (Q1), dichloromethane (Q2), ethyl acetate (Q3) and butanol (Q4)) obtained from the liquid-liquid partition of the crude Q. amara methanol extract were tested against Leishmania promastigote forms. After 120 h of treatment with Q. amara fractions (1 to 500 µg/ml), the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using resazurin. The most active fraction (Q2) was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) techniques. The effects of Q2 on parasite ultrastructure were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, Leishmania-infected macrophages were treated with Q2 in order to evaluate the anti-amastigote effect. Among the fractions tested, Q2 showed the highest activity against L. amazonensis and L. infantum promastigotes MIC values of 62.5 and 31.25 µg/ml, respectively. There were ultrastructural alterations, such as nuclear chromatin condensation, intense vacuolization and autophagic and myelin-like figures in parasites treated with Q2 (62.5 µg/ml). Macrophages previously infected with L. amazonensis and L. infantum promastigotes showed a drastic reduction in the number of parasites recovered in the supernatant after Q2 treatment at MIC values. The TLC and HPLC fingerprints of Q2 showed that alkaloids were the main chemical constituents in this fraction. The results presented herein showed that the alkaloid-rich fraction Q2 is a promising source of antileishmanial agents. Further investigation will be necessary in order to isolate and test the substance(s) responsible for the bioactivity.

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Medicinal Plants: A Source of Anti-Parasitic Secondary Metabolites

Cited by 294 publications

References 61 publications

The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era

The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era

Gastrothylax crumenifer: Ultrastructure and histopathology study of in vitro trematodicidal action of Marattia fraxinea (Sm.)

Antileishmanial effects of the alkaloid-rich fraction of Quassia amara L.

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