Medicinal-Induced Behavior Disorders

The discovery and application of antibiotics in the common clinical practice has undeniably been one of the major medical advances in our times. Their use meant a drastic drop in infectious diseases-related mortality and contributed to prolonging human life expectancy worldwide. Nevertheless, antibiotics are considered by many a double-edged sword. Their extensive use in the past few years has given rise to a global problem: antibiotic resistance. This factor and the increasing evidence that a wide range of antibiotics can damage mammalian mitochondria, have driven a significant sector of the medical and scientific communities to advise against the use of antibiotics for purposes other to treating severe infections. Notwithstanding, a notorious number of recent studies support the use of these drugs to treat very diverse conditions, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative or mitochondrial diseases. In this context, there is great controversy on whether the risks associated to antibiotics outweigh their promising beneficial features. The aim of this review is to provide insight in the topic, purpose for which the most relevant findings regarding antibiotic therapies have been discussed.

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“…These findings support the observation that patients given prolonged antibiotic treatments develop neurotoxicity and behavior disorders [55].…”

Section: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Related Conditionssupporting

confidence: 89%

Mitochondria and Antibiotics: For Good or for Evil?

et al. 2021

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“…Although the targets and modes of action of antibiotic are well characterised in bacteria, the consequences of how antibiotics interact with mammalian cells have been overlooked. Neurotoxicity is rare but a known adverse effect in patients given prolonged antibiotic treatment . Gained a better mechanistic understanding of the effects of antibiotics in neuron cells, particularly for extended periods of treatment, is important to accomplish a clear safety profile for these drugs and combat the side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different influences on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of antibiotics on primary human neuron and cell lines

Xiao

Xiong

Meng

et al. 2018

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Although antibiotics are generally well tolerated, their toxic effects on the central nervous system have been gained attention. In this study, we systematically investigated the neuron toxicity of antibiotics from six different classes. We show that clinically relevant concentrations of metronidazole, tigecycline, azithromycin and clindamycin but not ampicillin or sulfamethoxazole induce apoptosis of human primary neuron cells and lines. Notably, tigecycline, azithromycin and clindamycin cause neuron cell oxidative damage whereas metronidazole has no effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting that metronidazole induces neuron death via ROS‐independent mechanism. Tigecycline, azithromycin and clindamycin induce mitochondrial dysfunctions via targeting different mitochondrial respiratory complexes, leading to mitochondrial membrane potential disruption and energy crisis. The deleterious effects of antibiotics are reversed by pretreatment of neuron cells with antioxidant. Our work highlights the different influences of antibiotics on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and cytotoxicity in neuron cells. We also provide a strategy to prevent the neurotoxicity.

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“…The inclusion criterion was a COVID-19 diagnosis based on the guidelines of the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China [ 19 ]. Exclusion criteria included a previously diagnosed severe psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, or depression disorder), inability to complete or failure to complete the online questionnaire, currently taking oral medication for a chronic disease (e.g., metoprolol, reserpine, prednisone, and methylprednisolone) that can cause side effects associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia [ 20 – 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China

et al. 2020

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Fangcang shelter hospitals were established in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a countermeasure to stop the spread of the disease. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted on mental health problems among patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and major influencing factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients admitted to Fangcang shelter hospitals. From February 23, 2020, to February 26, 2020, we obtained sociodemographic and clinical characteristics information of COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital (Wuhan, China) and assessed their mental health status and sleep quality. Data were obtained with an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a set of items on demographic characteristics, a set of items on clinical characteristics, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Three hundred seven COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital participated in this study. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 18.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Poor sleep quality and having � two current physical symptoms were independent risk factors for anxiety symptoms. Female sex, having a family member with confirmed COVID-19, and having � two current physical symptoms were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were found to be common among COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital, with some patients being at high risk.

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Medicinal-Induced Behavior Disorders

Cited by 11 publications

References 203 publications

Mitochondria and Antibiotics: For Good or for Evil?

Mitochondria and Antibiotics: For Good or for Evil?

Different influences on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of antibiotics on primary human neuron and cell lines

Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China

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