Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad

Lans, Cheryl; Harper, T. A.; Georges, Karla; Bridgewater, Elmo

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-1-10

Cited by 100 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Figure 4A shows the neuromuscular blockade caused by BthTX-I (20 µg/ml, n=4, The use of plant extracts as antidotes for envenomings represents an alternative for communities that do not have access to antivenom therapy, and may be useful against the local effects of venoms (3,16,21,23,26). Plant products also have applications against snakebites and scorpion stings (15).…”

Section: Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in Trinidad, the standard treatment for snakebites and scorpion stings in dogs involves the use of steroids, antibiotics, and the enzyme ananase (from the pineapple Ananas comosus). This enzyme, the administration of which must occur within 2 hours of the bite (15), reduces the inflammatory response and helps to degrade necrotic tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutralization of the neuromuscular activity of bothropstoxin-i, a myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, by a hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga)

Oshima-Franco¹,

Alves²,

Andréo-Filho³

et al. 2005

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Numerous plants are used as snakebite antidotes in Brazilian folk medicine, including Casearia sylvestris Swartz, popularly known as guaçatonga. In this study, we examined the action of a hydroalcoholic extract from C. sylvestris on the neuromuscular blockade caused by bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), a myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu venom, in mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations. Aqueous (8 and 12 mg/ml, n=4 and 5, respectively) and hydroalcoholic (12 mg/ml, n=12) extracts of the leaves of C. sylvestris caused facilitation in PND preparations followed by partial neuromuscular blockade. BthTX-I (20 µg/ml, n=4) caused 50% paralysis after 65±15 min (mean ± S.E.M). Preincubation (30 min at 37°C) of BthTX-I (20 µg/ml, n=4) with a concentration of the hydroalcoholic extract (4 mg/ml) that had no neuromuscular activity, such as the control (n=5), prevented the neuromuscular blockade caused by the toxin. This protection may be mediated by compounds such as flavonoids and phenols identified by thin-layer chromatography and colorimetric assays.

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Section: Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization of the neuromuscular activity of bothropstoxin-i, a myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, by a hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga)

Oshima-Franco¹,

Alves²,

Andréo-Filho³

et al. 2005

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…The leaves are given in different manners: a leaf bath is used for rash and sprains, leaf poultices for sores and pains and leaf decoctions for heat, diarrhoea and fever. In Peru, the plant is also known for its anti-leishmanial use ( [75,76], reviewed in [18]). …”

Section: American Folk Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Plants Producing Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins in Traditional Medicine

et al. 2016

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Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes that deadenylate nucleic acids and are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom. Many plants that contain RIPs are listed in the pharmacopoeias of folk medicine all over the world, mostly because of their toxicity. This review analyses the position occupied in traditional medicine by plants from which RIPs have been isolated. The overview starts from the antique age of the Mediterranean area with ancient Egypt, followed by the Greek and Roman classic period. Then, the ancient oriental civilizations of China and India are evaluated. More recently, Unani medicine and European folk medicine are examined. Finally, the African and American folk medicines are taken into consideration. In conclusion, a list of RIP-expressing plants, which have been used in folk medicine, is provided with the geographical distribution and the prescriptions that are recommended by traditional healers. Some final considerations are provided on the present utilization of such herbal treatments, both in developing and developed countries, often in the absence of scientific validation. The most promising prospect for the medicinal use of RIP-expressing plants is the conjugation of purified RIPs to antibodies that recognise tumour antigens for cancer therapy.

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“…The plant is used to treat ailments such as skin infections, digestive infections, malaria, hypertension, tumors, pain, inflammation, cold, wound snake bite, stomach ache, and stroke. [14][15][16][17][18] Various parts of the plant are reported to exhibit bioactivities such as cytotoxic, [19] anthelmintic, [20] insecticidal, [21,22] enzyme inhibitory, [23] analgesic, [24] antiinflammatory, [24] allelopathic, [25] anticoagulant, [26] antiulcer, [27] woundhealing, [28] antimicrobial, [28,29] and antioxidant [30,31] activities. A compound called isatin isolated from flowers was shown to exhibit cytotoxic and antioxidant [32] properties.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Kekuda

2017

IJGP

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Objectives: The objective of the present study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial, radical scavenging, and insecticidal activity of leaf and flower of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae). Methods: Extraction of leaf and flower was carried out by maceration process using methanol. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts was carried out by agar well-diffusion method and poisoned food technique, respectively. Radical scavenging activity of extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of extracts was evaluated in terms of larvicidal and pupicidal effects against Aedes aegypti. Results: Leaf extract displayed marked antibacterial activity when compared to flower extract. Highest and least inhibitory activity of extracts was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli, respectively. Both extracts displayed antifungal activity with highest activity exhibited by leaf extract. Highest and least susceptibility were shown by Curvularia sp. and Fusarium sp., respectively. Both extracts scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently. Leaf extract (IC 50 = 19.61 µg/ml) caused marked DPPH radical scavenging potential than flower extract ((IC 50 = 257.13 µg/ml). IC 50 value of ABTS radical inhibition of leaf and flower extract was found to be 7.63 and 53.34 µg/ml, respectively. Larvicidal and pupicidal activity by extracts was concentration dependent. The susceptibility of larvae and pupae to extract was in the order: 2 nd instar larvae > 4 th instar larvae > pupae. Leaf extract displayed marked insecticidal activity when compared to flower extract as revealed by lower LC 50 values. Conclusion: Overall, leaf extract exhibited marked bioactivities than flower extract. The plant can be used to treat microbial infections and oxidative damage and to manage fungal diseases. The plant can be used against mosquito vectors which transmit arboviral diseases.

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Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad

Abstract: Background: Ethnomedicines are used by hunters for themselves and their hunting dogs in Trinidad. Plants are used for snakebites, scorpion stings, for injuries and mange of dogs and to facilitate hunting success.

Cited by 100 publications

References 108 publications

Neutralization of the neuromuscular activity of bothropstoxin-i, a myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, by a hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga)

Neutralization of the neuromuscular activity of bothropstoxin-i, a myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, by a hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga)

Plants Producing Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins in Traditional Medicine

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