Background and Aims
Hospital admissions in cirrhotic patients are a source of significant health care expenditure. Most studies to date have focused on readmissions in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We sought to describe predictors of hospital admissions in an ambulatory cirrhosis cohort consisting of both compensated and decompensated patients to identify patients who could benefit from intensified outpatient chronic disease management.
Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 395 cirrhotic patients followed at an academic medical center liver clinic. Inclusion criteria were documented cirrhosis and longitudinal care at our center during 2006–2008. Patients were followed until December 2011, death, or liver transplantation. The primary outcomes were non-elective cirrhosis-related hospital admissions within one year and time to admission. The secondary outcome was two-year cirrhosis-related mortality. The study was approved by the Partners Human Research Committee (protocol 2012P001912).
Results
Seventy-eight patients (19.7%) had at least one cirrhosis-related hospital admission within one year. The following were significant predictors in the multivariable model: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≥ 15 (OR 2.22, 95% CI [1.21–4.07], p=0.01), diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3.64 [1.42–9.35], 0.007), diuretic use (2.27 [1.23–4.17], 0.008), at least one cirrhosis-related admission during the baseline year (2.17 [1.21–3.89], 0.01), and being unmarried (1.92 [1.10–3.35], 0.02).
Conclusions
Advanced disease, diuretic use, and marital status were associated with cirrhosis-related hospital admissions in patients followed at an academic medical center liver clinic. Our findings suggest that patients with inadequately or overzealously treated ascites, as well as those with limited social supports, could benefit from intensified outpatient management.