Medication Assisted Treatment Program Policies: Opinions of People in Treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Medication assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) saves lives and enhances quality of life for people in recovery. However, only a small percentage of people eligible for MAT in the United States receive treatment, and among those who do seek treatment, retention is a challenge. This study aims to understand factors that help individuals enter and stay in MAT from the perspective of those in recovery. The patient perspective is vital in efforts to improve care delivery and best support individuals in treatment. Methods: Survey development was driven by a review of current peer-reviewed literature plus information gained through 3 semi-structured interviews and follow-up discussions with 5 individuals who have lived experience in MAT, termed Participant Advisors. Survey questions focused in part on MAT participants’ opinions relating to program policies such as drug testing, relapse protocols, duration of treatment, participant use of anti-anxiety medications and marijuana, and requirements for attendance in peer recovery groups such as Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous. Responses were collected from West Virginia-based MAT programs from February through August 2021, with 1700 surveys distributed to 21 MAT programs. Results: At the close of data collection, 225 survey responses, including over 500 free-text comments, were received (13.2% response rate). Most (n = 207, 95%) were currently in a MAT program and most (n = 187, 88.6%) reported using buprenorphine/naloxone for MAT, though participants reported having used other medications for treatment of OUD as well. Questions about how long a person should have MAT prescribed, how long they should be able to stay in treatment, whether they can use marijuana or anti-anxiety drugs while in treatment, and whether they should use a 12-step program generated mixed opinions. Findings strongly support consideration of individual situations and shared decision-making with providers.